Jan M Nørgaard1, Lone S Friis2, Jørgen S Kristensen1,3, Marianne T Severinsen4, Ingolf Mølle1, Claus W Marcher5, Peter Møller6, Claudia Schoellkopf7, Ove J Nielsen2, Birgitte S Preiss8, Mette K Andersen9, Eigil Kjeldsen1, Bruno C Medeiros10, Lene S G Østgård1. 1. Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 2. Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark. 4. Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. 5. Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 6. Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. 7. Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. 8. Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 9. Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 10. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is highly curable. To achieve high cure rates, targeted therapy with retinoic acid (ATRA) must be started promptly at time of suspected diagnosis. Early death rates (EDRs, ≤30 days from diagnosis) differ markedly in patients treated on clinical trials compared to the general population. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We used the comprehensive Danish National Acute Leukemia Registry (DNLR) to investigate the incidence, treatment, EDR, and long-term clinical outcome in APL between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 41 deaths occurring in 122 APL patients were EDs which were primarily caused by intracranial hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis, and multiorgan failure. The overall EDR was 18.0%, whereas clinical trial participants had an EDR of 6.7%. Fifteen patients recruited to the NCRI AML17 APL trial from 2010 to 2013 were younger and had decreased mortality (HR 0.18, CI 0.04-0.86, P = 0.02) compared to contemporarily treated patients (n = 15) not recruited to a clinical trial. Performance status, leukemia origin, and Sanz-score were independent prognostic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The very low EDR for on-trial patients is not observed in the general cohort of APL patients. Diagnostic awareness emerges as the greatest clinical challenge in management of APL.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is highly curable. To achieve high cure rates, targeted therapy with retinoic acid (ATRA) must be started promptly at time of suspected diagnosis. Early death rates (EDRs, ≤30 days from diagnosis) differ markedly in patients treated on clinical trials compared to the general population. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We used the comprehensive Danish National Acute Leukemia Registry (DNLR) to investigate the incidence, treatment, EDR, and long-term clinical outcome in APL between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 41 deaths occurring in 122 APLpatients were EDs which were primarily caused by intracranial hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis, and multiorgan failure. The overall EDR was 18.0%, whereas clinical trial participants had an EDR of 6.7%. Fifteen patients recruited to the NCRI AML17 APL trial from 2010 to 2013 were younger and had decreased mortality (HR 0.18, CI 0.04-0.86, P = 0.02) compared to contemporarily treated patients (n = 15) not recruited to a clinical trial. Performance status, leukemia origin, and Sanz-score were independent prognostic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The very low EDR for on-trial patients is not observed in the general cohort of APLpatients. Diagnostic awareness emerges as the greatest clinical challenge in management of APL.
Authors: Rafiye Ciftciler; Ibrahim Celalettin Haznedaroglu; Salih Aksu; Osman Ozcebe; Nilgun Sayınalp; Umit Yavuz Malkan; Yahya Buyukasık Journal: Open Med (Wars) Date: 2019-09-12