BongKyoo Choi1, Hi Gin Sung2, Jin Hyun Nam2, Ju-Young Shin2. 1. Department of Medicine and Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. 2. School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether zolpidem use is associated with suicide death in adults. METHOD: We conducted a case-control study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database. Cases were adults with a suicide record (ICD-10 codes; X-60-X84, Y87.0) between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. 10 Controls were matched to each case by age, sex, index year, region, income level, and health insurance type. Zolpidem use during 2 years before suicide was quantified. Adjusted odd ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The percentage of zolpidem users was significantly higher in cases (451 of 1,928 [23.4%]) than in controls (832 of 18,404 [4.5%]). After controlling for potential confounders, zolpidem use was significantly associated with suicide (aORs, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.74-2.52). Dose-response relationships were observed (for trend, p < .0001). Consistent findings were observed when analyses were restricted to suicide death (aORs, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.73-2.51) and nonmedication poisoning suicide death cases (aORs, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.74-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant and positive association between zolpidem use and suicide. Zolpidem should be prescribed cautiously and with due caution of increased suicide risk.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether zolpidem use is associated with suicide death in adults. METHOD: We conducted a case-control study using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database. Cases were adults with a suicide record (ICD-10 codes; X-60-X84, Y87.0) between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. 10 Controls were matched to each case by age, sex, index year, region, income level, and health insurance type. Zolpidem use during 2 years before suicide was quantified. Adjusted odd ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The percentage of zolpidem users was significantly higher in cases (451 of 1,928 [23.4%]) than in controls (832 of 18,404 [4.5%]). After controlling for potential confounders, zolpidem use was significantly associated with suicide (aORs, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.74-2.52). Dose-response relationships were observed (for trend, p < .0001). Consistent findings were observed when analyses were restricted to suicide death (aORs, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.73-2.51) and nonmedication poisoning suicide death cases (aORs, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.74-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant and positive association between zolpidem use and suicide. Zolpidem should be prescribed cautiously and with due caution of increased suicide risk.
Authors: Andrew S Tubbs; Fabian-Xosé Fernandez; Sadia B Ghani; Jordan F Karp; Salma I Patel; Sairam Parthasarathy; Michael A Grandner Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2021-05-01 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: Hyewon Kim; Yuwon Kim; Myung-Hee Shin; Yoo-Jung Park; Hyung-Eun Park; Maurizio Fava; David Mischoulon; Mi Jin Park; Eun Ji Kim; Hong Jin Jeon Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-09-06 Impact factor: 5.435
Authors: Bo-Ram Yang; Kyu-Nam Heo; Yun Mi Yu; Ga-Bin Yeom; Hye Duck Choi; Ju-Yeun Lee; Young-Mi Ah Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-12 Impact factor: 3.390