Leila Jamali1, Afshin Moradi2, Maziar Ganji1, Mohsen Ayati3, Behrang Kazeminezhad4, Zahra Fazeli Attar1, Hamid Ghaedi1, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian5, Morteza Fallah-Karkan6, Arash Ranjbar6. 1. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Cancer Research Center, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Urology resident, Shohada-e-Tajrish hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Autophagy plays a critical role in PCa development. DAXX has a potent pro-survival effect by enhancing cell growth in PCa via suppression of autophagy. Here, we depicted a network governed by DAXX and SPOP by which the autophagy pathway is suppressed through the ubiquitination and modulation of key cellular signaling pathways mediators including LAMP2 and RARRES1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through network-based bioinformatics approaches, the expression levels of DAXX, RARRES1, LAMP2, and SPOP genes was assessed in 50 PCa tissues and 50 normal adjacent from the same sample as well as 50 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues by quantitative RT-PCR. The normal adjacent tissues were taken from regions more than 5mm away from the bulk of those tumor tissues with clearly distinct margins. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR were done for assessment of gene expression. To evaluate the primary gene network centered on autophagy pathway, according to the Query-dependent weighting algorithm, these two networks were integrated with Cytoscape 3.4 software. RESULTS: We found that in PCa tissues the DAXX expression level was significantly increased (P < 0.001) and the expressions of SPOP, RARRES1, and LAMP2 were significantly down-regulated, when compared to both control groups including normal adjacent and BPH tissues. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between expression levels of all four genes. Additionally, ROC curve analysis revealed that LAMP2 had the most sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the contribution of SPOP, DAXX, RARRES1, and LAMP2 together could be a putative regulatory element acting as a prognostic signature and therapeutic target in PCa.
PURPOSE: Autophagy plays a critical role in PCa development. DAXX has a potent pro-survival effect by enhancing cell growth in PCa via suppression of autophagy. Here, we depicted a network governed by DAXX and SPOP by which the autophagy pathway is suppressed through the ubiquitination and modulation of key cellular signaling pathways mediators including LAMP2 and RARRES1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through network-based bioinformatics approaches, the expression levels of DAXX, RARRES1, LAMP2, and SPOP genes was assessed in 50 PCa tissues and 50 normal adjacent from the same sample as well as 50 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues by quantitative RT-PCR. The normal adjacent tissues were taken from regions more than 5mm away from the bulk of those tumor tissues with clearly distinct margins. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR were done for assessment of gene expression. To evaluate the primary gene network centered on autophagy pathway, according to the Query-dependent weighting algorithm, these two networks were integrated with Cytoscape 3.4 software. RESULTS: We found that in PCa tissues the DAXX expression level was significantly increased (P < 0.001) and the expressions of SPOP, RARRES1, and LAMP2 were significantly down-regulated, when compared to both control groups including normal adjacent and BPH tissues. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between expression levels of all four genes. Additionally, ROC curve analysis revealed that LAMP2 had the most sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the contribution of SPOP, DAXX, RARRES1, and LAMP2 together could be a putative regulatory element acting as a prognostic signature and therapeutic target in PCa.