Regulation of growth hormone and somatomedin-C secretion in postmenopausal women: effect of physiological estrogen replacement.

To determine the effects of estrogen deficiency and replacement on GH secretion, we measured the 22-h GH secretory pattern and response to 1 h of light exercise in 16 normal postmenopausal women before and after treatment replacement with ethinyl estradiol (20 micrograms/day for 15 days). To determine whether the changes found were due to pituitary sensitization by estrogen, the response to synthetic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH; 1.0 microgram/kg, iv) was measured. To assess the biological effectiveness of GH in estrogen-treated women, somatomedin-C (Sm-C) responses to GHRH were measured. Pre- and postestrogen GH secretion rates, expressed as mean areas circumscribed by plasma GH values, were as follows: 22-h study, 1.4 +/- 0.1 (+/- SEM) vs. 2.0 +/- 0.3 ng/ml X h (P = 0.04; n = 5); during 1 h of exercise, 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml X h (P = 0.03; n = 16); after GHRH-(1-40), 6.7 +/- 1.7 vs. 8.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml X h (P = 0.12; n = 16). There also was a modest but significant increase in resting plasma GH (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml (P = 0.039). Pre- and postestrogen plasma Sm-C concentrations were 0.56 +/- 0.08 and 0.32 +/- 0.03 U/ml, respectively (P = 0.006; n = 16). Thus, estrogen therapy increased spontaneous and exercise-induced GH secretion in postmenopausal women and reduced Sm-C levels. The mechanisms of GH elevation by estrogen may include both central effects and a negative feedback linkage to reduced plasma Sm activity.