Moehamad Orliando Roeslan1, Thaweephol Dechatiwongse Na Ayudhya2, Boon-Ek Yingyongnarongkul3, Sittichai Koontongkaew4. 1. Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, (Rangsit Campus), Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand. 2. Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, (Rangsit Campus), Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand. 3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand. 4. Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, (Rangsit Campus), Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Medicinal Herbs for Treatment of Oral Diseases, Thammasat University. Electronic address: sittichai.ko@wu.ac.th.
Abstract
AIMS: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, however, the active compound generating this activity remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the bioactive compound in C. nutans responsible for its anti-inflammatory, in-vitro wound healing, and anti-biofilm activities. MAIN METHODS: A pure compound was isolated from the chloroform extract (CE) of C. nutans leaves by chromatographic techniques and bioassay-guided fractionation. This compound's structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR/NMR/HRES-MS). Biological activities were evaluated using cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), wound scratch, anti-microbial activity, and anti-biofilm assays; and the compound's bactericidal depth into the biofilm was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. KEY FINDINGS: CE and its pure isolated compound, purpurin-18 phytyl ester (P18PE), significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations of 100 μg/ml and 10-100 μg/ml, respectively. These concentrations significantly induced wound closure by human gingival fibroblasts. CE (100-1000μg/ml) and P18PE (1-500 μg/ml) did not inhibit Streptococcus (S.) mutans growth. However, these concentrations significantly reduced S. mutans biofilm formation below 50% at 250 μg/ml for CE, and 25 μg/ml for P18PE (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: C. nutans contains a bioactive compound, P18PE, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, in-vitro wound healing, and anti-biofilm activities.
AIMS: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, however, the active compound generating this activity remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the bioactive compound in C. nutans responsible for its anti-inflammatory, in-vitro wound healing, and anti-biofilm activities. MAIN METHODS: A pure compound was isolated from the chloroform extract (CE) of C. nutans leaves by chromatographic techniques and bioassay-guided fractionation. This compound's structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR/NMR/HRES-MS). Biological activities were evaluated using cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), wound scratch, anti-microbial activity, and anti-biofilm assays; and the compound's bactericidal depth into the biofilm was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. KEY FINDINGS: CE and its pure isolated compound, purpurin-18 phytyl ester (P18PE), significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations of 100 μg/ml and 10-100 μg/ml, respectively. These concentrations significantly induced wound closure by human gingival fibroblasts. CE (100-1000μg/ml) and P18PE (1-500 μg/ml) did not inhibit Streptococcus (S.) mutans growth. However, these concentrations significantly reduced S. mutans biofilm formation below 50% at 250 μg/ml for CE, and 25 μg/ml for P18PE (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: C. nutans contains a bioactive compound, P18PE, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, in-vitro wound healing, and anti-biofilm activities.
Authors: Tan Yong Chia; Chee Yuen Gan; Vikneswaran Murugaiyah; Syed F Hashmi; Tabinda Fatima; Lazhari Ibrahim; Mohammed H Abdulla; Farhan Khashim Alswailmi; Edward James Johns; Ashfaq Ahmad Journal: Molecules Date: 2021-12-27 Impact factor: 4.411