Percutaneous coronary intervention for a Chinese familial hypercholesterolemia homozygous under the guidance of optical coherence tomography.

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia developed into severe cardiovascular consequences early. Untreated HoFH usually cannot survive over 30 years old. Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) caused by plaque rupture is one of the main causes of death in HoFH. As the highest resolution intravascular imaging technique, optical coherence tomography(OCT) can clearly show the thickness and structural characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque caps. In this study, a Chinese male HoFH received percutaneous coronary intervention for unstable angina. After analyzed his genetic and follow-up data, OCT was performed during interventional therapy. Multiple lipid rich plaques accompanied with inflammatory cell infiltration and a thin-cap fibroatheroma(TCFA) were noted, which reflected the vulnerability of plaques. The utility of OCT had certain guiding significance for strategy of interventional therapy and the long-term drug management. And this case suggested that it was important to undergo OCT examination for patients with HoFH who required percutaneous coronary intervention.