Thermoacidophilic Sulfolobus species as source for extremozymes and as novel archaeal platform organisms.

Archaea dominate extreme habitats and possess unique cellular and metabolic properties with novel or modified metabolic pathways and unusual enzymes. Thermoacidophilic Sulfolobus species and their thermo(acido)philic enzymes gained special attention due to their adaptation toward two extremes, high temperature (75-80°C) and low pH (pH 2-5), that matches harsh process conditions in industrial applications. For different Sulfolobus species versatile genetic systems have been established and significant metabolic and physiological information from classical biochemistry and genetic as well as poly-omics and systems biology approaches is available. Their ease of growth under aerobic or microaerophilic conditions and established fermentation technologies gaining high cell yields promote Sulfolobus as source for extremozymes and as valuable novel platform organism for industrial biotechnology.