Dominik Baschera1, Damian Jäger2, Raluca Preda3, Werner J Z'Graggen3, Andreas Raabe3, Aristomenis K Exadaktylos2, Rebecca M Hasler4. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: rebecca.hasler@insel.ch.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electrical bicycles (E-bikes) allow people of all ages to ride at high speeds but have an inherent risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Their sales have increased tremendously in recent years. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence and severity of TBI in E-bikers and conventional bicyclists. We included patients at a Swiss level 1 trauma center admitted from 2010 to 2015. The primary outcome was the association between TBI and the bicycle type. The secondary outcome was the association between helmet use and TBI severity. RESULTS: Of 557 patients injured riding an E-bike (n = 73) or a bicycle (n = 484), 60% sustained a TBI, most of which were mild (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score, 13-15; E-bike, 78%; bicycle, 88%). TBI was more often moderate (GCS score, 9-12) or severe (GCS score, 3-8) in E-bikers than in bicyclists (P = 0.04). Intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma occurred significantly more often in E-bikers than in bicyclists (P < 0.05). Neurosurgical intervention was necessary for 5 E-bikers (7%) and 25 (5%) bicyclists (P = 0.15). Wearing a helmet correlated with a lower risk of neurosurgical intervention in bicyclists (odds ratio [OR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.73; P = 0.01) and a lower risk of calvarial fractures in both bicyclists (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06-0.42; P < 0.01) and E-bikers (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.84; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: E-bikers had a significantly greater risk of moderate to severe TBI compared with bicyclists. Helmet use was associated with decreased odds of severe TBI in bicyclists and a tendency toward a more favorable outcome for E-bikers.
BACKGROUND: Electrical bicycles (E-bikes) allow people of all ages to ride at high speeds but have an inherent risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Their sales have increased tremendously in recent years. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence and severity of TBI in E-bikers and conventional bicyclists. We included patients at a Swiss level 1 trauma center admitted from 2010 to 2015. The primary outcome was the association between TBI and the bicycle type. The secondary outcome was the association between helmet use and TBI severity. RESULTS: Of 557 patients injured riding an E-bike (n = 73) or a bicycle (n = 484), 60% sustained a TBI, most of which were mild (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score, 13-15; E-bike, 78%; bicycle, 88%). TBI was more often moderate (GCS score, 9-12) or severe (GCS score, 3-8) in E-bikers than in bicyclists (P = 0.04). Intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma occurred significantly more often in E-bikers than in bicyclists (P < 0.05). Neurosurgical intervention was necessary for 5 E-bikers (7%) and 25 (5%) bicyclists (P = 0.15). Wearing a helmet correlated with a lower risk of neurosurgical intervention in bicyclists (odds ratio [OR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.73; P = 0.01) and a lower risk of calvarial fractures in both bicyclists (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06-0.42; P < 0.01) and E-bikers (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.84; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: E-bikers had a significantly greater risk of moderate to severe TBI compared with bicyclists. Helmet use was associated with decreased odds of severe TBI in bicyclists and a tendency toward a more favorable outcome for E-bikers.
Authors: Dominik Baschera; Adam Lawless; Robin Roeters; Christian W S Frysch; René Zellweger Journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) Date: 2020-10-28 Impact factor: 2.216
Authors: Piotr Konrad Leszczyński; Justyna Kalinowska; Krzysztof Mitura; Daryna Sholokhova Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-24 Impact factor: 4.614