Dolores Malaspina1, Thorsten Kranz2, Karine Kleinhaus3, Sulaima Daboul4, Karen Rothman5, Caitlin Gilman6, Mara Getz7, Susan Harlap8, Yechiel Friedlander8. 1. Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10128, USA. Electronic address: dolores.malaspina@mssm.edu. 2. Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience and Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany. 3. Pluristem Therapeutics, Israel. 4. Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10128, USA. 5. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. 7. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. 8. Unit of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
Abstract
Short duration of marriage (DoM) is a risk factor for preeclampsia that is also related to the risk for schizophrenia. This analysis examined the risk for schizophrenia associated with DoM and its independence from parental psychiatric disorders, parental ages and fathers' age at marriage. METHOD: Relative Risks (RR) for schizophrenia were estimated using continuous and stratified Cox proportional hazards models in the 90,079 offspring from the prospective population-based Jerusalem birth cohort study (1964-1976). Schizophrenia diagnos in offspring and parental diagnoses of schizophrenia or other psychiatric conditions were identified by cross-linkage to Israel's psychiatric case registry. DoM and paternal age at marriage were abstracted from birth certificates. RESULTS: In the full model, RR for schizophrenia decreased for each 5 years DoM: 0.83 (0.75-0.95), ptrend = 0.0015. Stratified analyses showed the greatest RR risk for DoM <2 years: 1.53 (1.11-1.66) with lesser risk for 2-4 years DoM: 1.38 (1.05-1.81) compared to more DOM of 10+ years. DoM effects were independent from parental psychiatric diagnoses (RRs = 2-6, p~0.00001), paternal age (1.34: p = 0.0001 /5 years- including fathers of 25-34 years). The apparent risk related to later fathers' age at marriage (1.27: p < 0.0001) was eliminated in after accounting for DoM and later paternal age. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring born to couples married for less than 3 years, across all paternal ages, harbored a small increased risk for schizophrenia, which was independent of parental psychiatric disorders and paternal age. Fathers who married late had particularly short DoM, which, along with paternal age, completely explained the risks related to later paternal age at marriage. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and examine if pathogenic pathways include prenatal immune activation.
Short duration of marriage (DoM) is a risk factor for preeclampsia that is also related to the risk for schizophrenia. This analysis examined the risk for schizophrenia associated with DoM and its independence from parental psychiatric disorders, parental ages and fathers' age at marriage. METHOD: Relative Risks (RR) for schizophrenia were estimated using continuous and stratified Cox proportional hazards models in the 90,079 offspring from the prospective population-based Jerusalem birth cohort study (1964-1976). Schizophrenia diagnos in offspring and parental diagnoses of schizophrenia or other psychiatric conditions were identified by cross-linkage to Israel's psychiatric case registry. DoM and paternal age at marriage were abstracted from birth certificates. RESULTS: In the full model, RR for schizophrenia decreased for each 5 years DoM: 0.83 (0.75-0.95), ptrend = 0.0015. Stratified analyses showed the greatest RR risk for DoM <2 years: 1.53 (1.11-1.66) with lesser risk for 2-4 years DoM: 1.38 (1.05-1.81) compared to more DOM of 10+ years. DoM effects were independent from parental psychiatric diagnoses (RRs = 2-6, p~0.00001), paternal age (1.34: p = 0.0001 /5 years- including fathers of 25-34 years). The apparent risk related to later fathers' age at marriage (1.27: p < 0.0001) was eliminated in after accounting for DoM and later paternal age. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring born to couples married for less than 3 years, across all paternal ages, harbored a small increased risk for schizophrenia, which was independent of parental psychiatric disorders and paternal age. Fathers who married late had particularly short DoM, which, along with paternal age, completely explained the risks related to later paternal age at marriage. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and examine if pathogenic pathways include prenatal immune activation.
Authors: Emmanuel O Amoo; Paul O Adekola; Evaristus Adesina; Olujide A Adekeye; Oluwakemi O Onayemi; Marvellous A Gberevbie Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-08-16 Impact factor: 4.614