Anh Vo Van Ha1, Yun Zhao2, Ngoc Minh Pham3, Cong Luat Nguyen4, Phung Thi Hoang Nguyen5, Tan Khac Chu6, Hong Kim Tang7, Colin W Binns8, Andy H Lee9. 1. Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Electronic address: anhhvv@pnt.edu.vn. 2. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Electronic address: Y.Zhao@curtin.edu.au. 3. Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia. Electronic address: minh.pn@tnu.edu.vn. 4. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam. Electronic address: luatcong.nguyen@postgrad.curtin.edu.au. 5. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam. Electronic address: nthphungytcc@ump.edu.vn. 6. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong 180000, Vietnam. Electronic address: chukhac.tan@postgrad.curtin.edu.au. 7. Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam. Electronic address: hong.tang@pnt.edu.vn. 8. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Electronic address: C.Binns@curtin.edu.au. 9. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Electronic address: Andy.Lee@curtin.edu.au.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity is increasing in Asia. This study prospectively investigated the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and 12-month postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in a large cohort of Vietnamese mothers. METHODS: Of the 2030 pregnant women recruited from three cities in Vietnam at 24-28 weeks of gestation, a total of 1666 mothers were followed up for 12 months after delivery and available for analysis. The outcome variable PPWR was determined by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the 12-month postpartum measured weight, while GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI were classified according to the Institute of Medicine and WHO criteria for adults, respectively. Linear regression models were used to ascertain the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and PPWR accounting for the effects of plausible confounding factors. RESULTS: Both pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were significantly associated with PPWR (P<0.001). The adjusted mean weight retention in underweight women before pregnancy (3.71kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.37-4.05) was significantly higher than that in those with normal pre-pregnancy weight (2.34kg, 95% CI 2.13-2.54). Women with excessive GWG retained significantly more weight (5.07kg, 95% CI 4.63-5.50) on average at 12 months, when compared to mothers with adequate GWG (2.92kg, 95% CI 2.67-3.17). CONCLUSIONS: Being underweight before pregnancy and excessive GWG contribute to greater weight retention twelve months after giving birth. Interventions to prevent postpartum maternal obesity should target at risk women at the first antenatal visit and control their weight gain during the course of pregnancy.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity is increasing in Asia. This study prospectively investigated the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and 12-month postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in a large cohort of Vietnamese mothers. METHODS: Of the 2030 pregnant women recruited from three cities in Vietnam at 24-28 weeks of gestation, a total of 1666 mothers were followed up for 12 months after delivery and available for analysis. The outcome variable PPWR was determined by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the 12-month postpartum measured weight, while GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI were classified according to the Institute of Medicine and WHO criteria for adults, respectively. Linear regression models were used to ascertain the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and PPWR accounting for the effects of plausible confounding factors. RESULTS: Both pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were significantly associated with PPWR (P<0.001). The adjusted mean weight retention in underweight women before pregnancy (3.71kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.37-4.05) was significantly higher than that in those with normal pre-pregnancy weight (2.34kg, 95% CI 2.13-2.54). Women with excessive GWG retained significantly more weight (5.07kg, 95% CI 4.63-5.50) on average at 12 months, when compared to mothers with adequate GWG (2.92kg, 95% CI 2.67-3.17). CONCLUSIONS: Being underweight before pregnancy and excessive GWG contribute to greater weight retention twelve months after giving birth. Interventions to prevent postpartum maternal obesity should target at risk women at the first antenatal visit and control their weight gain during the course of pregnancy.
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