Daniel A Geller1, Joseph F McGuire2, Scott P Orr3, Brent J Small4, Tanya K Murphy5, Kathleen Trainor6, Rachel Porth7, Sabine Wilhelm8, Eric A Storch9. 1. Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: dan.geller@mgh.harvard.edu. 2. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: jfmcguire@jhmi.edu. 3. Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: scott_orr@hms.harvard.edu. 4. School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33620, United States. Electronic address: bsmall@usf.edu. 5. Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, United States. 6. Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, United States. Electronic address: kbtrainor@mgh.harvard.edu. 7. Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, United States. Electronic address: rporth@mgh.harvard.edu. 8. Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: swilhelm@mgh.harvard.edu. 9. Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd, Suite 400, Houston 77030, TX, United States. Electronic address: Eric.Storch@bcm.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for many children and adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), therapeutic response is variable. Fear conditioning and extinction are central constructs underlying exposure-based CBT. Fear extinction learning assessed prior to CBT may be a useful predictor of CBT response for guiding treatment decisions. METHODS:Sixty-four youth who participated in a randomizedplacebo-controlled trial of CBT with and without d-cycloserine (DCS) completed a fear conditioning task. Skin conductance response (SCR) scores were used to measure fear acquisition and extinction to determine whether extinction learning could predict CBT response. RESULTS: CBT responders and non-responders appeared to acquire conditioned fear SCRs in a similar manner. However, differences between treatment responders and non-responders emerged during the extinction phase. A responder (responder, non-responder) by conditioned stimulus type (CS+, CS-) interaction showed that CBT responders differentiated the stimulus paired with (CS+) and without (CS-) the unconditioned stimulus correctly during early and late extinction, whereas the CBT non-responders did not (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS: While the small sample size makes conclusions tentative, this study supports an emerging literature that differential fear extinction may be an important factor underlying clinical correlates of pediatric OCD, including CBT response.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: While cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for many children and adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), therapeutic response is variable. Fear conditioning and extinction are central constructs underlying exposure-based CBT. Fear extinction learning assessed prior to CBT may be a useful predictor of CBT response for guiding treatment decisions. METHODS: Sixty-four youth who participated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of CBT with and without d-cycloserine (DCS) completed a fear conditioning task. Skin conductance response (SCR) scores were used to measure fear acquisition and extinction to determine whether extinction learning could predict CBT response. RESULTS: CBT responders and non-responders appeared to acquire conditioned fear SCRs in a similar manner. However, differences between treatment responders and non-responders emerged during the extinction phase. A responder (responder, non-responder) by conditioned stimulus type (CS+, CS-) interaction showed that CBT responders differentiated the stimulus paired with (CS+) and without (CS-) the unconditioned stimulus correctly during early and late extinction, whereas the CBT non-responders did not (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS: While the small sample size makes conclusions tentative, this study supports an emerging literature that differential fear extinction may be an important factor underlying clinical correlates of pediatric OCD, including CBT response.
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