Device for rheometry, impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemistry on fluid electrodes.

We describe the extension of a rheometer to enable in situ impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical cycling. Key advantages of this instrument over traditional flow-channel based methods for studying fluid electrodes are the possibilities to monitor the rheological properties during cycling as well as to control the mechanical history of the sample. We describe two electrochemical configurations of the instrument, allowing fluid electrodes to be studied as full and half-cells. To demonstrate the systems' capabilities, we present characterizations of 4 different fluid electrode systems.