Hanna Christiansen1, Oliver Hirsch2, Björn Albrecht3, Mira-Lynn Chavanon4. 1. Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35037, Marburg, Germany. christih@staff.uni-marburg.de. 2. FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, Germany. 3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 4. Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emotional symptoms are common and persistent in youth and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cause clinically significant impairments. We review recent neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and peripheral psychophysiological evidence for emotion and emotion regulation deficits in ADHD across youth and adults. RECENT FINDINGS: Central and autonomous nervous system correlates argue in favor of more general self-regulation deficits and also specific emotional deficits in ADHD. These include general performance deficits in executive functions, and structural as well as functional impairments in neuronal networks associated with top-down self-regulation. Specific deficits with bottom-up emotional activation in the amygdala and emotion evaluation associated with the orbitofrontal cortex have also been described. Furthermore, vagally mediated, high-frequency heart rate variability is associated with emotional self-regulation deficits throughout the life span. The current evidence is based on multilevel studies that assess associations of emotion regulation. However, further studies that adequately consider the processual recursive character of emotion generation and regulation may give important new insights into emotional regulation of ADHD. Emotion regulation deficits in ADHD are associated with specific as well as general self-regulation deficits traceable on the level of neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and psychophysiological assessments. The temporal dynamics of the interplay of those different systems need further study in order to optimize and personalize treatment of emotion regulation difficulties, including emotional reactivity, in patients with ADHD.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emotional symptoms are common and persistent in youth and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cause clinically significant impairments. We review recent neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and peripheral psychophysiological evidence for emotion and emotion regulation deficits in ADHD across youth and adults. RECENT FINDINGS: Central and autonomous nervous system correlates argue in favor of more general self-regulation deficits and also specific emotional deficits in ADHD. These include general performance deficits in executive functions, and structural as well as functional impairments in neuronal networks associated with top-down self-regulation. Specific deficits with bottom-up emotional activation in the amygdala and emotion evaluation associated with the orbitofrontal cortex have also been described. Furthermore, vagally mediated, high-frequency heart rate variability is associated with emotional self-regulation deficits throughout the life span. The current evidence is based on multilevel studies that assess associations of emotion regulation. However, further studies that adequately consider the processual recursive character of emotion generation and regulation may give important new insights into emotional regulation of ADHD. Emotion regulation deficits in ADHD are associated with specific as well as general self-regulation deficits traceable on the level of neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and psychophysiological assessments. The temporal dynamics of the interplay of those different systems need further study in order to optimize and personalize treatment of emotion regulation difficulties, including emotional reactivity, in patients with ADHD.
Authors: Frederick W Reimherr; Barrie K Marchant; Robert E Strong; Dawson W Hedges; Lenard Adler; Thomas J Spencer; Scott A West; Poonam Soni Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2005-07-15 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Erica D Musser; Hilary S Galloway-Long; Paul J Frick; Joel T Nigg Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2013-02 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Nicole B Groves; Erica L Wells; Elia F Soto; Carolyn L Marsh; Emma M Jaisle; T Kathy Harvey; Michael J Kofler Journal: Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Date: 2021-11-11
Authors: Claiton H D Bau; Diego L Rovaris; Cibele E Bandeira; Eugenio H Grevet; Renata B Cupertino; Maria E de Araujo Tavares; Clara S Gusmão; Djenifer B Kappel; Eduardo S Vitola; Felipe A Picon; Luís A Rohde; Bruna S da Silva Journal: J Neural Transm (Vienna) Date: 2021-10-05 Impact factor: 3.575
Authors: Chen-Lin Chang; Tai-Ling Liu; Ray C Hsiao; Pinchen Yang; Yi-Lung Chen; Cheng-Fang Yen Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-09 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Marlee M Vandewouw; Kristina Safar; Julie Sato; Benjamin A E Hunt; Charline M Urbain; Elizabeth W Pang; Evdokia Anagnostou; Margot J Taylor Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2021-09-28 Impact factor: 5.038