Jan P Te Winkel1, Natalie A Drucker1, Bryant S Morocho1, W Christopher Shelley1, Troy A Markel2. 1. Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2. Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana. Electronic address: tmarkel@iupui.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL6) has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, but its effects on intestinal recovery following ischemia are unknown. We hypothesized that administration of IL6 following intestinal ischemia would improve mesenteric perfusion and mucosal injury. METHODS: Adult male C57Bl6J mice were anesthetized, and a laparotomy was performed. Baseline intestinal perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler imaging. Intestinal ischemia was induced for 60 min by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery. After ischemia, treatments were administered intraperitoneally before closure (Vehicle: 250 μL phosphate-buffered-saline, IL6 low dose (20 ng), IL6 medium dose (200 ng), or IL6 high dose (2 μg)). Animals were allowed to recover for 24 h, were reanesthetized, and their mesenteric perfusion was reassessed. Perfusion was expressed as percentage of baseline. Animals were then sacrificed, and the intestines were explanted for histological analysis. Separate frozen samples were homogenized and analyzed by ELISA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10. RESULTS: IL6 increased mesenteric perfusion in low dose groups only, whereas it improved postischemic mucosal injury scores in both low and medium dose groups. No differences in perfusion or histology were seen when high dose IL6 was utilized. Intestinal VEGF was higher in the low dose IL6 group compared to vehicle, whereas IP-10 levels were lower in low and medium dose groups compared to vehicle. No differences were noted compared to vehicle in intestinal VEGF and IP-10 with high dose IL6 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Lower doses of IL6 may serve as effective therapy to decrease intestinal injury after ischemia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the downstream mechanisms before widespread clinical use.
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL6) has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, but its effects on intestinal recovery following ischemia are unknown. We hypothesized that administration of IL6 following intestinal ischemia would improve mesenteric perfusion and mucosal injury. METHODS: Adult male C57Bl6J mice were anesthetized, and a laparotomy was performed. Baseline intestinal perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler imaging. Intestinal ischemia was induced for 60 min by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery. After ischemia, treatments were administered intraperitoneally before closure (Vehicle: 250 μL phosphate-buffered-saline, IL6 low dose (20 ng), IL6 medium dose (200 ng), or IL6 high dose (2 μg)). Animals were allowed to recover for 24 h, were reanesthetized, and their mesenteric perfusion was reassessed. Perfusion was expressed as percentage of baseline. Animals were then sacrificed, and the intestines were explanted for histological analysis. Separate frozen samples were homogenized and analyzed by ELISA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10. RESULTS: IL6 increased mesenteric perfusion in low dose groups only, whereas it improved postischemic mucosal injury scores in both low and medium dose groups. No differences in perfusion or histology were seen when high dose IL6 was utilized. Intestinal VEGF was higher in the low dose IL6 group compared to vehicle, whereas IP-10 levels were lower in low and medium dose groups compared to vehicle. No differences were noted compared to vehicle in intestinal VEGF and IP-10 with high dose IL6 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Lower doses of IL6 may serve as effective therapy to decrease intestinal injury after ischemia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the downstream mechanisms before widespread clinical use.
Authors: Robert M Strieter; Marie D Burdick; Brigitte N Gomperts; John A Belperio; Michael P Keane Journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev Date: 2005-07-19 Impact factor: 7.638
Authors: Ganga Gopinathan; Carla Milagre; Oliver M T Pearce; Louise E Reynolds; Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke; David A Leinster; Haihong Zhong; Robert E Hollingsworth; Richard Thompson; James R Whiteford; Frances Balkwill Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2015-06-16 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Minke H T Hartman; Inge Vreeswijk-Baudoin; Hilde E Groot; Kees W A van de Kolk; Rudolf A de Boer; Irene Mateo Leach; Rozemarijn Vliegenthart; Herman H W Sillje; Pim van der Harst Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-12-09 Impact factor: 3.240