CaMADS, a MADS-box transcription factor from pepper, plays an important role in the response to cold, salt, and osmotic stress.

MADS-box family transcription factors play essential roles in the growth and development of plants, and some MADS-box genes have also been found to participate in the stress-response. At present, little information regarding stress-related MADS-box genes is available in pepper. We isolated a MADS-box transcription factor gene from Capsicum annuum, which we named CaMADS. CaMADS expression is induced by low and high temperature, salt, and osmotic stress, and also by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl-jasmonic acid (MeJA), and CaCl2. To understand the function of CaMADS in the abiotic stress response, we generated pepper plants in which CaMADS expression was down-regulated using VIGS (Virus-induced Gene Silencing), and also transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CaMADS. We found that CaMADS-down-regulated seedlings were more seriously injured than WT after cold, NaCl, and mannitol treatment, and showed increased electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and lower chlorophyll content. CaMADS-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants were more tolerant to these stresses than WT, and showed significantly high survival rates and lower H2O2 and super oxide radical contents after cold treatment. CaMADS-overexpressing plants had higher germination rates and percentages of green cotyledons following NaCl and mannitol treatment. Root lengths and fresh weight in CaMADS-overexpressing plants were also significantly longer and higher, respectively, than in WT plants. Taken together, our results suggest that CaMADS functions as a positive stress-responsive transcription factor in the cold, salt, and osmotic stress signaling pathways.