David J Collett1, Hinne Rakhorst1, Peter Lennox1, Mark Magnusson1, Rodney Cooter1, Anand K Deva1. 1. From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Macquarie University; Integrated Specialist Healthcare Education and Research Foundation; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede and ZGT Almelo; Division of Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia; Griffith University; and Monash University.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: With breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) now accepted as a unique (iatrogenic) subtype of ALCL directly associated with textured breast implants, we are now at a point where a sound epidemiologic profile and risk estimate are required. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date global review of the available epidemiologic data and literature relating to the incidence, risk, and prevalence of BIA-ALCL. METHODS: All current literature relating to the epidemiology of BIA-ALCL was reviewed. Barriers relating to sound epidemiologic study were identified, and trends relating to geographical distribution, prevalence of breast implants, and implant characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant barriers exist to the accurate estimate of both the number of women with implants (denominator) and the number of cases of BIA-ALCL (numerator), including poor registries, underreporting, lack of awareness, cosmetic tourism, and fear of litigation. The incidence and risk of BIA-ALCL have increased dramatically from initial reports of 1 per million to current estimates of 1/2,832, and is largely dependant on the "population" (implant type and characteristics) examined and increased awareness of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although many barriers stand in the way of calculating accurate estimates of the incidence and risk of developing BIA-ALCL, steady progress, international registries, and collegiality between research teams are for the first time allowing early estimates. Most striking is the exponential rise in incidence over the last decade, which can largely be explained by the increasingly specific implant subtypes examined-driven by our understanding of the pathologic mechanism of the disease. High-textured high-surface area implants (grade 4 surface) carry the highest risk of BIA-ALCL (1/2,832).
BACKGROUND: With breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) now accepted as a unique (iatrogenic) subtype of ALCL directly associated with textured breast implants, we are now at a point where a sound epidemiologic profile and risk estimate are required. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date global review of the available epidemiologic data and literature relating to the incidence, risk, and prevalence of BIA-ALCL. METHODS: All current literature relating to the epidemiology of BIA-ALCL was reviewed. Barriers relating to sound epidemiologic study were identified, and trends relating to geographical distribution, prevalence of breast implants, and implant characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant barriers exist to the accurate estimate of both the number of women with implants (denominator) and the number of cases of BIA-ALCL (numerator), including poor registries, underreporting, lack of awareness, cosmetic tourism, and fear of litigation. The incidence and risk of BIA-ALCL have increased dramatically from initial reports of 1 per million to current estimates of 1/2,832, and is largely dependant on the "population" (implant type and characteristics) examined and increased awareness of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although many barriers stand in the way of calculating accurate estimates of the incidence and risk of developing BIA-ALCL, steady progress, international registries, and collegiality between research teams are for the first time allowing early estimates. Most striking is the exponential rise in incidence over the last decade, which can largely be explained by the increasingly specific implant subtypes examined-driven by our understanding of the pathologic mechanism of the disease. High-textured high-surface area implants (grade 4 surface) carry the highest risk of BIA-ALCL (1/2,832).
Authors: Peter G Cordeiro; Paola Ghione; Andy Ni; Qunying Hu; Nivetha Ganesan; Natasha Galasso; Ahmet Dogan; Steven M Horwitz Journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg Date: 2020-01-20 Impact factor: 2.740
Authors: Mark W Clemens; Ryan C DeCoster; Berry Fairchild; Alexander A Bessonov; Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo Journal: Semin Plast Surg Date: 2019-10-17 Impact factor: 2.314
Authors: Jonas A Nelson; Stefan Dabic; Babak J Mehrara; Peter G Cordeiro; Joseph J Disa; Andrea L Pusic; Evan Matros; Joseph H Dayan; Robert J Allen; Michelle Coriddi; Thais O Polanco; Meghana G Shamsunder; Itay Wiser; Monica Morrow; Ahmet Dogan; Michele R Cavalli; Elizabeth Encarnacion; Meghan E Lee; Colleen M McCarthy Journal: Ann Surg Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 12.969