BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a group of disorders responsible for the majority of pediatric end-stage renal disease cases. There are only a few studies on CAKUT. OBJECTIVES: A study was conducted to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of children with CAKUT and to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with hypertension in CAKUT. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary center for 18 months from March 2014 to August 2015. Demographic data were recorded, and clinical examination including blood pressure measurement was performed. Various biochemical parameters including plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and microalbuminuria were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 81 patients with CAKUT were studied. Twenty-two (27%) patients were underweight, 4 (5%) patients were stunted, and 26 (32%) were both underweight and stunted. Children with bilateral disease had a higher incidence of underweight (21/44 vs. 8/37; p = 0.04; 95% CI; Fisher exact test), and both underweight and stunted (25/44 vs. 10/37; p = 0.006; 95% CI; Fisher exact test) compared to children with unilateral disease. Hypertension was found in 27% cases. No association was found between hypertension and PRA, BM2, or microalbuminuria in our study. PRA was inversely proportional to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Pearson test; 95% CI; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral disease in CAKUT was significantly associated with poor somatic growth. PRA was inversely proportional to eGFR. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in children with CAKUT than in normal children and is possibly multifactorial as it was not associated with elevated PRA, B2M, or microalbuminuria.
BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a group of disorders responsible for the majority of pediatric end-stage renal disease cases. There are only a few studies on CAKUT. OBJECTIVES: A study was conducted to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of children with CAKUT and to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with hypertension in CAKUT. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary center for 18 months from March 2014 to August 2015. Demographic data were recorded, and clinical examination including blood pressure measurement was performed. Various biochemical parameters including plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and microalbuminuria were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 81 patients with CAKUT were studied. Twenty-two (27%) patients were underweight, 4 (5%) patients were stunted, and 26 (32%) were both underweight and stunted. Children with bilateral disease had a higher incidence of underweight (21/44 vs. 8/37; p = 0.04; 95% CI; Fisher exact test), and both underweight and stunted (25/44 vs. 10/37; p = 0.006; 95% CI; Fisher exact test) compared to children with unilateral disease. Hypertension was found in 27% cases. No association was found between hypertension and PRA, BM2, or microalbuminuria in our study. PRA was inversely proportional to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Pearson test; 95% CI; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral disease in CAKUT was significantly associated with poor somatic growth. PRA was inversely proportional to eGFR. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in children with CAKUT than in normal children and is possibly multifactorial as it was not associated with elevated PRA, B2M, or microalbuminuria.
Entities:
Keywords:
Beta-2-microglobulin; Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hypertension; Plasma renin activity
Authors: Vito Antonio Caiulo; Silvana Caiulo; Clara Gargasole; Giovanni Chiriacò; Giuseppe Latini; Luigi Cataldi; Giuseppe Mele Journal: Pediatr Nephrol Date: 2012-01-24 Impact factor: 3.714
Authors: V V Khadilkar; A V Khadilkar; Panna Choudhury; K N Agarwal; Deepak Ugra; Nitin K Shah Journal: Indian Pediatr Date: 2007-03 Impact factor: 1.411
Authors: Simone Sanna-Cherchi; Pietro Ravani; Valentina Corbani; Stefano Parodi; Riccardo Haupt; Giorgio Piaggio; Maria L Degli Innocenti; Danio Somenzi; Antonella Trivelli; Gianluca Caridi; Claudia Izzi; Francesco Scolari; Girolamo Mattioli; Landino Allegri; Gian Marco Ghiggeri Journal: Kidney Int Date: 2009-06-17 Impact factor: 10.612