Dietary Intake of Whole Strawberry Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Treated Mice via Restoring Immune Homeostasis and Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) is a major edible berry with various potential health benefits. This study determined the protective effects of whole strawberry (WS) against dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. In colitic mice, dietary WS reduced the disease activity index, prevented the colon shortening and spleen enlargement, and alleviated the colonic tissue damages. The abundance of proinflammatory immune cells was reduced by dietary WS in the colonic mucosa, which was accompanied by the suppression of overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that dietary WS decreased the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the colonic mucosa. Moreover, dietary WS partially reversed the alteration of gut microbiota in the colitic mice by increasing the abundance of potential beneficial bacteria, e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and decreasing the abundance of potential harmful bacteria, e.g., Dorea and Bilophila. Dietary WS also restored the decreased production of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of the colitic mice. The results revealed the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of dietary WS in the colon, which is critical for the rational utilization of strawberry for the prevention of inflammation-driven diseases.