Azazahemad A Kureshi1, Chirag Dholakiya2, Tabaruk Hussain3, Amit Mirgal4, Siddhesh P Salvi5, Pritam C Barua6, Madhumita Talukdar6, Chekunnath Beena7, Ashish Kar8, Thondiath John Zachariah9, Premlata Kumari1, Tushar Dhanani10, Raghuraj Singh10, Ponnuchamy Manivel10, Satyanshu Kumar10. 1. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Surat, India 395007. 2. Waters (India) Pvt. Ltd, 302 S.G. Rd, Ahmedabad, India 380015. 3. Assam Agricultural University, Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Dhubri, India 785013. 4. Gogate Joglekar College, Ratnagiri, India 415612. 5. Regional Fruit Research Station, Venga, India 416516. 6. Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India 785013. 7. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India 680656. 8. The Energy and Research Institute, 6 Mahapurush Madhabdev Path, Guwahati, India 781036. 9. ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research Calicut, Kerala, India 673012. 10. ICAR - Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand, India 387310.
Abstract
Background: Xanthones and polyisoprenylated benzophenones (PIBs) are two important classes of plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of bioactivities. Garcinia species synthesize numerous xanthones and PIBs. As per the literature, no data claiming simultaneous identification and quantification of three xanthones, α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and two PIBs, xanthochymol, isoxanthochymol, were found. Methods: A validated ultra-HPLC (UHPLC)-photodiode array (PDA) method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of five compounds in different extracts of eight Indian Garcinia species was developed. The compounds were separated on a Waters ACQUITY™ UPLC H-Class column using a mobile phase consisting of solvents 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B) in gradient elution mode. The total run time was 9 min. Results: From fruit rinds of eight Indian Garcinia species, namely Garcinia cambogia, G. cowa, G. indica, G. loniceroides, G. mangostana, G. morella, G. pedunculata, and G. xanthochymus, extracts were prepared using solvents of varying polarity. These extracts were analyzed for five biologically important compounds, namely α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, xanthochymol, and isoxanthochymol. The results revealed that there is a wide variation in concentration of these compounds in extracts of Garcinia species. Conclusions: The developed and validated UHPLC-PDA method could be used for simultaneous identification and quantification of these five compounds for bioprospection of other Garcinia species.
Background: Xanthones and polyisoprenylated benzophenones (PIBs) are two important classes of plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of bioactivities. Garcinia species synthesize numerous xanthones and PIBs. As per the literature, no data claiming simultaneous identification and quantification of three xanthones, α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and two PIBs, xanthochymol, isoxanthochymol, were found. Methods: A validated ultra-HPLC (UHPLC)-photodiode array (PDA) method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of five compounds in different extracts of eight Indian Garcinia species was developed. The compounds were separated on a Waters ACQUITY™ UPLC H-Class column using a mobile phase consisting of solvents 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B) in gradient elution mode. The total run time was 9 min. Results: From fruit rinds of eight Indian Garcinia species, namely Garcinia cambogia, G. cowa, G. indica, G. loniceroides, G. mangostana, G. morella, G. pedunculata, and G. xanthochymus, extracts were prepared using solvents of varying polarity. These extracts were analyzed for five biologically important compounds, namely α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, xanthochymol, and isoxanthochymol. The results revealed that there is a wide variation in concentration of these compounds in extracts of Garcinia species. Conclusions: The developed and validated UHPLC-PDA method could be used for simultaneous identification and quantification of these five compounds for bioprospection of other Garcinia species.