Michael Lattanzi1, Arjun V Balar2,3,4. 1. Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 2. Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Arjun.Balar@nyulangone.org. 3. Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. Arjun.Balar@nyulangone.org. 4. NYU School of Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, 160 East 34th Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA. Arjun.Balar@nyulangone.org.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since 2016, five new programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. This review will summarize the data supporting the widespread use of these agents and highlight areas of ongoing clinical development. RECENT FINDINGS: PD-1/L1 axis inhibition has demonstrated clear superiority to chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in the second-line setting. A multitude of ongoing studies are investigating the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating established and novel immunotherapies into earlier lines of therapy, including non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer and even non-muscle-invasive disease. Early-phase clinical trials have begun to explore the safety and activity of novel immune-oncology combinations across a range of clinical settings. Immunotherapy has a clearly defined role in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer both in the platinum-refractory setting and in the first-line cisplatin-ineligible setting. Ongoing clinical trials will dictate how to best incorporate immunotherapy into earlier lines of therapy and define the safety and activity of novel immunotherapy agents and combinations.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since 2016, five new programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. This review will summarize the data supporting the widespread use of these agents and highlight areas of ongoing clinical development. RECENT FINDINGS:PD-1/L1 axis inhibition has demonstrated clear superiority to chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in the second-line setting. A multitude of ongoing studies are investigating the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating established and novel immunotherapies into earlier lines of therapy, including non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer and even non-muscle-invasive disease. Early-phase clinical trials have begun to explore the safety and activity of novel immune-oncology combinations across a range of clinical settings. Immunotherapy has a clearly defined role in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer both in the platinum-refractory setting and in the first-line cisplatin-ineligible setting. Ongoing clinical trials will dictate how to best incorporate immunotherapy into earlier lines of therapy and define the safety and activity of novel immunotherapy agents and combinations.
Authors: Sumanta K Pal; Dean Bajorin; Nazli Dizman; Jean Hoffman-Censits; David I Quinn; Daniel P Petrylak; Matthew D Galsky; Ulka Vaishampayan; Ugo De Giorgi; Sumati Gupta; Howard A Burris; Harris S Soifer; Gary Li; Hao Wang; Carl L Dambkowski; Susan Moran; Siamak Daneshmand; Jonathan E Rosenberg Journal: Cancer Date: 2020-03-24 Impact factor: 6.860