Caleb Mpyet1,2,3, Nasiru Muhammad4, Mohammed Dantani Adamu4, Murtala Muhammad Umar5, Abubakar Tafida6, Chris Ogoshi7, Aminu Maidaura6, Sunday Isiyaku2, Adamani William2, Rebecca Willis8, Ana Bakhtiari8, Nicholas Olobio9, Anthony W Solomon10,11. 1. a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria. 2. b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria. 3. c Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology International, Division of Ophthalmology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa. 4. d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria. 5. e National Eye Center , Kaduna , Nigeria. 6. f Jigawa State Ministry of Health , Dutse , Nigeria. 7. g Vision2020 Support Programme , Jos , Nigeria. 8. h Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA. 9. i Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria. 10. j Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom. 11. k London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , United Kingdom.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and water and sanitation coverage in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria: Birnin Kudu, Buji, Dutse and Kiyawa. METHODOLOGY: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. From each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-population size sampling; in each village, 25 households were selected using the random walk technique. All residents aged ≥1 year in selected households were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis, defined according to the WHO simplified trachoma grading scheme definitions. Water, sanitation and hygiene data were also collected through questioning and direct observation. RESULTS: In 2458 households of four LGAs, 10,669 residents were enumerated. A total of 9779 people (92% of residents) were examined, with slightly more females examined (5012; 51%) than men. In children aged 1-9 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of TF ranged from 5.1% (95% CI 2.5-9.0%) in Birnin Kudu to 12.8% (95% CI 7.6-19.4%) in Kiyawa, while the age- and gender-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years ranged from 1.9% (95% CI 1.4-2.5%) in Birnin Kudu to 3.1% (95% CI 2.2-4.0) in Dutse. Access to improved water sources was above 80% in all LGAs surveyed but access to improved sanitation facilities was low, ranging from 23% in Buji to 50% in Kiyawa. CONCLUSION: Trachoma is a public health problem in all four LGAs surveyed. The full SAFE strategy needs to be implemented to achieve trachoma elimination.
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and water and sanitation coverage in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria: Birnin Kudu, Buji, Dutse and Kiyawa. METHODOLOGY: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. From each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-population size sampling; in each village, 25 households were selected using the random walk technique. All residents aged ≥1 year in selected households were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis, defined according to the WHO simplified trachoma grading scheme definitions. Water, sanitation and hygiene data were also collected through questioning and direct observation. RESULTS: In 2458 households of four LGAs, 10,669 residents were enumerated. A total of 9779 people (92% of residents) were examined, with slightly more females examined (5012; 51%) than men. In children aged 1-9 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of TF ranged from 5.1% (95% CI 2.5-9.0%) in Birnin Kudu to 12.8% (95% CI 7.6-19.4%) in Kiyawa, while the age- and gender-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years ranged from 1.9% (95% CI 1.4-2.5%) in Birnin Kudu to 3.1% (95% CI 2.2-4.0) in Dutse. Access to improved water sources was above 80% in all LGAs surveyed but access to improved sanitation facilities was low, ranging from 23% in Buji to 50% in Kiyawa. CONCLUSION: Trachoma is a public health problem in all four LGAs surveyed. The full SAFE strategy needs to be implemented to achieve trachoma elimination.
Entities:
Keywords:
Global Trachoma Mapping Project; Trichiasis; prevalence; sanitation; trachoma; water
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