Functional characterization of T lymphocytes propagated from human lung carcinomas.

Tissue fragments from biopsies of six patients with malignant tumors of the lung were cultured in interleukin 2 (IL-2). Cultures of proliferating lymphocytes were isolated from all cases. Tumor cell lines (small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) were established in parallel cultures from two of these patients. Lymphocytes that proliferated in vitro were virtually all mature T lymphocytes (greater than 95% T3+, T11+). The T8+ subset accounted for an average of 70% while T4+ cells averaged 20% of the cells in culture. HNK-1 antigen was presented on 23% of cells. Seventy-four percent of cells expressed Ia (HLA-DR) antigens. B cells did not proliferate under these conditions. In all cases the cells lysed K562 targets and were active in lectin-mediated cytolysis against human lymphoblasts. All cultures produced lymphokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) when stimulated with PHA. Lymphocytes grown from a tissue specimen with adenocarcinoma were capable of killing autologous tumor cells in vitro. Specific cytotoxicity has been maintained by these cultured lymphocytes for greater than 6 months. IL-2 activated peripheral blood cells in this case showed little specific cytotoxicity for autologous tumor cells. Lymphocytes from another specimen of adenocarcinoma also lysed this tumor, but cells from the other four specimens did not. Lymphocytes propagated from the specimen of small cell undifferentiated cancer did not lyse autologous tumor cells. These data show that primary lung tumors contain activated T cells which will respond to IL-2 in vitro. These tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have demonstrable function, which can include cytolytic activity against autologous lung tumor.