The complete mitochondrial genome of Tetraphleps aterrimus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): Genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of Cimicomorpha.

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) provides important information for better understanding the phylogenetic relationships within heteropteran infraorder Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), but there are still limited representations at the family level of Anthocoridae. Here we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Tetraphleps aterrimus. It is 15,803 bp in size, and contains the expected 37 genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs) and control region. Gene order is identical to that of typical cimicomorphans. In comparison with other cimicomorphans, the ratios of Ka/Ks are increasing from 0.17 for COI to 0.85 for ATP8, which demonstrates COI shows the lowest evolutionary rate, while ATP8 appears to be the highest. The ratios of conserved sites of COI is the highest, while ATP8 is the lowest, suggesting that the evolutionary rate of ATP8 is higher than COI. The phylogenetic relationships based on mitogenomes using Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) methods show that Tetraphleps aterrimus is sister to (Orius niger + Orius sauteri), suggesting that Tetraphleps aterrimus belongs to Anthocoridae. The monophyly of each superfamily is generally well supported and Reduvioidea is placed as basal branch in Cimicomorpha. The results support the remaining superfamily groupings (Miroidea + (Cimicoidea + (Velocipedoidea + Nabioidea))).