OSA and Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatrics.

OSA occurs in approximately 1% to 5% of children in the United States. Long-term cardiovascular risks associated with OSA in the adult population are well documented. Although changes in BP regulation occur in children with OSA, the pathways leading to chronic cardiovascular risks of OSA in children are less clear. Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in adult populations could carry the same future risk for children. It is imperative to determine whether known mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases in adults are like those that lead to pediatric disease. Early pathophysiologic changes may lead to a lifetime burden of cardiovascular disease and early mortality. With this perspective in mind, our review discusses pathways leading to cardiovascular pathology in children with OSA and provides a comprehensive overview of recent research findings related to cardiovascular sequelae in the pediatric population.