Jan Witowski1,2, Nicole Wake3, Anna Grochowska4, Zhonghua Sun5, Andrzej Budzyński1,2, Piotr Major1,2, Tadeusz Jan Popiela4, Michał Pędziwiatr1,2. 1. 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. 2. Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Kraków, Poland. 3. Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 4. Chair of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. 5. Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed liver models developed by a cost-effective approach for establishing validity of using these models in a clinical setting. METHODS: Fifteen patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection in a single surgical department were included. Patient-specific, 1-1 scale 3D printed liver models including the liver, tumor, and vasculature were created from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images using a cost-effective approach. The 3D models were subsequently CT scanned, 3D image post-processing was performed, and these 3D computer models (MCT) were compared to the original 3D models created from the original patient images (PCT). 3D computer models of each type were co-registered using a point set registration method. 3D volume measurements of the liver and lesions were calculated and compared for each set. In addition, Hausdorff distances were calculated and surface quality was compared by generated heatmaps. RESULTS: The median liver volume in MCT was 1,281.84 [interquartile range (IQR) =296.86] cm3, and 1,448.03 (IQR =413.23) cm3 in PCT. Analysis of differences between surfaces showed that the median value of mean Hausdorff distances for liver parenchyma was 1.92 mm. Bland-Altman plots revealed no significant bias in liver volume and diameters of hepatic veins and tumor location. Median errors of all measured vessel diameters were smaller than CT slice height. There was a slight trend towards undersizing anatomical structures, although those errors are most likely due to source imaging. CONCLUSIONS: We have confirmed the accuracy of 3D printed liver models created by using the low-cost method. 3D models are useful tools for pre-operative planning and intra-operative guidance. Future research in this field should continue to move towards clinical trials for assessment of the impact of these models on pre-surgical planning decisions and perioperative outcomes.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed liver models developed by a cost-effective approach for establishing validity of using these models in a clinical setting. METHODS: Fifteen patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection in a single surgical department were included. Patient-specific, 1-1 scale 3D printed liver models including the liver, tumor, and vasculature were created from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images using a cost-effective approach. The 3D models were subsequently CT scanned, 3D image post-processing was performed, and these 3D computer models (MCT) were compared to the original 3D models created from the original patient images (PCT). 3D computer models of each type were co-registered using a point set registration method. 3D volume measurements of the liver and lesions were calculated and compared for each set. In addition, Hausdorff distances were calculated and surface quality was compared by generated heatmaps. RESULTS: The median liver volume in MCT was 1,281.84 [interquartile range (IQR) =296.86] cm3, and 1,448.03 (IQR =413.23) cm3 in PCT. Analysis of differences between surfaces showed that the median value of mean Hausdorff distances for liver parenchyma was 1.92 mm. Bland-Altman plots revealed no significant bias in liver volume and diameters of hepatic veins and tumor location. Median errors of all measured vessel diameters were smaller than CT slice height. There was a slight trend towards undersizing anatomical structures, although those errors are most likely due to source imaging. CONCLUSIONS: We have confirmed the accuracy of 3D printed liver models created by using the low-cost method. 3D models are useful tools for pre-operative planning and intra-operative guidance. Future research in this field should continue to move towards clinical trials for assessment of the impact of these models on pre-surgical planning decisions and perioperative outcomes.
Authors: Nicolas Martelli; Carole Serrano; Hélène van den Brink; Judith Pineau; Patrice Prognon; Isabelle Borget; Salma El Batti Journal: Surgery Date: 2016-01-30 Impact factor: 3.982
Authors: Peter McCulloch; Douglas G Altman; W Bruce Campbell; David R Flum; Paul Glasziou; John C Marshall; Jon Nicholl; Jeffrey K Aronson; Jeffrey S Barkun; Jane M Blazeby; Isabell C Boutron; W Bruce Campbell; Pierre-Alain Clavien; Jonathan A Cook; Patrick L Ergina; Liane S Feldman; David R Flum; Guy J Maddern; Jon Nicholl; Bournaby C Reeves; Christoph M Seiler; Steven M Strasberg; Jonathan L Meakins; Deborah Ashby; Nick Black; John Bunker; Martin Burton; Marion Campbell; Kalipso Chalkidou; Iain Chalmers; Marc de Leval; Jon Deeks; Patrick L Ergina; Adrian Grant; Muir Gray; Roger Greenhalgh; Milos Jenicek; Sean Kehoe; Richard Lilford; Peter Littlejohns; Yoon Loke; Rajan Madhock; Kim McPherson; Jonathan Meakins; Peter Rothwell; Bill Summerskill; David Taggart; Parris Tekkis; Matthew Thompson; Tom Treasure; Ulrich Trohler; Jan Vandenbroucke Journal: Lancet Date: 2009-09-26 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Parisa Kamali; David Dean; Roman Skoracki; Pieter G L Koolen; Marek A Paul; Ahmed M S Ibrahim; Samuel J Lin Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Date: 2016-03 Impact factor: 4.730
Authors: Nizar N Zein; Ibrahim A Hanouneh; Paul D Bishop; Maggie Samaan; Bijan Eghtesad; Cristiano Quintini; Charles Miller; Lisa Yerian; Ryan Klatte Journal: Liver Transpl Date: 2013-10-21 Impact factor: 5.799
Authors: Beth Ripley; Tatiana Kelil; Michael K Cheezum; Alexandra Goncalves; Marcelo F Di Carli; Frank J Rybicki; Mike Steigner; Dimitrios Mitsouras; Ron Blankstein Journal: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr Date: 2015-12-12
Authors: Ciprian N Ionita; Maxim Mokin; Nicole Varble; Daniel R Bednarek; Jianping Xiang; Kenneth V Snyder; Adnan H Siddiqui; Elad I Levy; Hui Meng; Stephen Rudin Journal: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng Date: 2014-03-13
Authors: Carina Hopfner; Andre Jakob; Anja Tengler; Maximilian Grab; Nikolaus Thierfelder; Barbara Brunner; Alisa Thierij; Nikolaus A Haas Journal: 3D Print Med Date: 2021-08-31
Authors: Sepideh Hatamikia; Gunpreet Oberoi; Ewald Unger; Gernot Kronreif; Joachim Kettenbach; Martin Buschmann; Michael Figl; Barbara Knäusl; Francesco Moscato; Wolfgang Birkfellner Journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol Date: 2020-05-08