Morgan J Siegmann1, Shaminie J Athinarayanan2, Sarah J Hallberg3, Amy L McKenzie2, Nasir H Bhanpuri2, Wayne W Campbell4, James P McCarter5, Stephen D Phinney2, Jeff S Volek6, Christa J Van Dort7. 1. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. 2. Virta Health, 535 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA, USA. 3. Virta Health, 535 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA, USA; Indiana University Health Arnett, Lafayette, IN, USA. 4. Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. 5. Virta Health, 535 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. 6. Virta Health, 535 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 7. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: cvandort@mgh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Sleep disruption is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia. We recently reported the effectiveness of a continuous care intervention (CCI) emphasizing nutritional ketosis for improving HbA1c, body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in T2D patients. The present study assessed the effect of this CCI approach on sleep quality using a subjective patient-reported sleep questionnaire. METHODS: A non-randomized, controlled longitudinal study; 262 T2D and 116 prediabetes patients enrolled in the CCI and 87 separately recruited T2D patients continued usual care (UC) treatment. Patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. A PSQI score of >5 (scale 0 to 21) was used to identify poor sleepers. RESULTS: Global sleep quality improved in the CCI T2D (p < 0.001) and prediabetes (p < 0.001) patients after one year of intervention. Subjective sleep quality (component 1), sleep disturbance (component 5) and daytime dysfunction (component 7), also showed improvements in the CCI T2D (p < 0.01 for sleep quality and sleep disturbance; and p < 0.001 for daytime dysfunction) and prediabetes patients (p < 0.001 for all three components); compared to the UC T2D group after one year. The proportion of patients with poor sleep quality was significantly reduced after one year of CCI (T2D; from 68.3% at baseline to 56.5% at one year, p = 0.001 and prediabetes; from 77.9% at baseline to 48.7% at one year, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates improved sleep quality as assessed by PSQI in patients with T2D and prediabetes undergoing CCI including nutritional ketosis but not in T2D patients receiving UC. The dietary intervention benefited both sleep quality and the severity of T2D symptoms suggesting that nutritional ketosis improves overall health via multiple mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE: Sleep disruption is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia. We recently reported the effectiveness of a continuous care intervention (CCI) emphasizing nutritional ketosis for improving HbA1c, body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in T2D patients. The present study assessed the effect of this CCI approach on sleep quality using a subjective patient-reported sleep questionnaire. METHODS: A non-randomized, controlled longitudinal study; 262 T2D and 116 prediabetespatients enrolled in the CCI and 87 separately recruited T2D patients continued usual care (UC) treatment. Patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. A PSQI score of >5 (scale 0 to 21) was used to identify poor sleepers. RESULTS: Global sleep quality improved in the CCI T2D (p < 0.001) and prediabetes (p < 0.001) patients after one year of intervention. Subjective sleep quality (component 1), sleep disturbance (component 5) and daytime dysfunction (component 7), also showed improvements in the CCI T2D (p < 0.01 for sleep quality and sleep disturbance; and p < 0.001 for daytime dysfunction) and prediabetespatients (p < 0.001 for all three components); compared to the UC T2D group after one year. The proportion of patients with poor sleep quality was significantly reduced after one year of CCI (T2D; from 68.3% at baseline to 56.5% at one year, p = 0.001 and prediabetes; from 77.9% at baseline to 48.7% at one year, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates improved sleep quality as assessed by PSQI in patients with T2D and prediabetes undergoing CCI including nutritional ketosis but not in T2D patients receiving UC. The dietary intervention benefited both sleep quality and the severity of T2D symptoms suggesting that nutritional ketosis improves overall health via multiple mechanisms.
Authors: Dina H Griauzde; Alison O'Brien; William S Yancy; Caroline R Richardson; Jamie Krinock; Melissa DeJonckheere; Deanna J M Isaman; Kaitlyn Vanias; Samuel Shopinski; Laura R Saslow Journal: Trials Date: 2022-09-30 Impact factor: 2.728