Felix Preisser1, Felix K H Chun2, Raisa S Pompe3, Alexander Heinze4, Georg Salomon4, Markus Graefen4, Hartwig Huland4, Derya Tilki5. 1. Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 2. Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 3. Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 4. Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 5. Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: d.tilki@uke.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) represents a poor prognostic factor for recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of persistent PSA at 6wk after RP on long-term oncologic outcomes and to assess patient characteristics associated with persistent PSA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Within a high-volume center database we identified patients who harbored persistent (≥0.1ng/ml) versus undetectable PSA (<0.1ng/ml) at 6wk after RP. Patients with neo- and/or adjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) were excluded. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Logistic regression models tested for prediction of persistent PSA. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regression models tested the effect of persistent PSA on metastasis-free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to test the impact of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) on OS and CSS in patients with persistent PSA. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 11 604 identified patients, 8.8% (n=1025) harbored persistent PSA. At 15yr after RP, MFS, OS, and CSS were 53.0% versus 93.2% (p<0.001), 64.7% versus 81.2% (p<0.001), and 75.5% versus 96.2% (p<0.001) for persistent versus undetectable PSA, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models, persistent PSA represented an independent predictor for metastasis (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.59, p<0.001), death (HR: 1.86, p<0.001), and cancer-specific death (HR: 3.15, p<0.001). SRT was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.37, p=0.02) and CSS (HR: 0.12, p<0.01) after 1:1 PSM. Main limitation is missing data on postoperative PSA and duration of salvage ADT. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent PSA is associated with worse oncologic outcome after RP, namely, metastasis, death, and cancer-specific death. In patients with persistent PSA, SRT resulted in improved OS and CSS. PATIENT SUMMARY: We assessed the impact of persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 6wk after radical prostatectomy on oncologic outcomes. Early persistent PSA was associated with worse metastasis-free survival, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival. Salvage radiotherapy may result in a survival benefit in well-selected patients.
BACKGROUND: Persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) represents a poor prognostic factor for recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of persistent PSA at 6wk after RP on long-term oncologic outcomes and to assess patient characteristics associated with persistent PSA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Within a high-volume center database we identified patients who harbored persistent (≥0.1ng/ml) versus undetectable PSA (<0.1ng/ml) at 6wk after RP. Patients with neo- and/or adjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) were excluded. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Logistic regression models tested for prediction of persistent PSA. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regression models tested the effect of persistent PSA on metastasis-free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to test the impact of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) on OS and CSS in patients with persistent PSA. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 11 604 identified patients, 8.8% (n=1025) harbored persistent PSA. At 15yr after RP, MFS, OS, and CSS were 53.0% versus 93.2% (p<0.001), 64.7% versus 81.2% (p<0.001), and 75.5% versus 96.2% (p<0.001) for persistent versus undetectable PSA, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models, persistent PSA represented an independent predictor for metastasis (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.59, p<0.001), death (HR: 1.86, p<0.001), and cancer-specific death (HR: 3.15, p<0.001). SRT was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.37, p=0.02) and CSS (HR: 0.12, p<0.01) after 1:1 PSM. Main limitation is missing data on postoperative PSA and duration of salvage ADT. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent PSA is associated with worse oncologic outcome after RP, namely, metastasis, death, and cancer-specific death. In patients with persistent PSA, SRT resulted in improved OS and CSS. PATIENT SUMMARY: We assessed the impact of persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 6wk after radical prostatectomy on oncologic outcomes. Early persistent PSA was associated with worse metastasis-free survival, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival. Salvage radiotherapy may result in a survival benefit in well-selected patients.
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Authors: Fabio Zattoni; Isabel Heidegger; Veeru Kasivisvanathan; Alexander Kretschmer; Giancarlo Marra; Alessandro Magli; Felix Preisser; Derya Tilki; Igor Tsaur; Massimo Valerio; Roderick van den Bergh; Claudia Kesch; Francesco Ceci; Christian Fankhauser; Giorgio Gandaglia Journal: Front Surg Date: 2021-07-09