Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso1, Cristina Lidón-Moyano1, Marcela Fu2, Raúl Perez-Ortuño3, Montse Ballbè4, Nuria Matilla-Santander1, Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez1, José A Pascual5, Esteve Fernández6, Jose M Martínez-Sánchez7. 1. Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 4. Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 5. Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 6. Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 7. Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jmmartinez@uic.es.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) measured in saliva according to different types of tobacco smoked in a sample of smokers of the city of Barcelona (Spain). METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional study of a sample of the adult smoking population of Barcelona, Spain in 2013-2014 (n = 165). We classified smokers in five groups according to the type of tobacco smoked: a) manufactured cigarettes only, b) roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes only, c) dual smokers (both manufactured and RYO cigarettes), d) manufactured plus other types of tobacco products different from RYO and e) other types of tobacco products different from manufactured and RYO cigarettes. We calculated the geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of TSNAs concentration in saliva (pg/mL), including N'-nitroaonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) according to the five tobacco groups. We also described all TSNAs concentration in each tobacco group stratified by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. RESULTS: Smokers from the RYO cigarette group had higher TSNAs concentration than smokers from the manufactured cigarette group: 13 pg/mL vs 4.9 pg/mL of NNN, 1.9 pg/mL vs 1.7 pg/mL in NNK and 1.1 pg/mL vs 0.9 pg/mL of NNAL. There were significant differences in NNN concentrations between smokers of RYO vs manufactured cigarettes. The higher the number of cigarettes smoked, the higher the TSNAs concentrations. After adjusted by number of cigarettes smoked, there were not statistically significant differences in TSNAs between RYO and manufactured cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that RYO cigarette is at least as hazardous as manufactured cigarettes. Regulating RYO tobacco prices could be an effective strategy to control tobacco use.
OBJECTIVE: To compare tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) measured in saliva according to different types of tobacco smoked in a sample of smokers of the city of Barcelona (Spain). METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional study of a sample of the adult smoking population of Barcelona, Spain in 2013-2014 (n = 165). We classified smokers in five groups according to the type of tobacco smoked: a) manufactured cigarettes only, b) roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes only, c) dual smokers (both manufactured and RYO cigarettes), d) manufactured plus other types of tobacco products different from RYO and e) other types of tobacco products different from manufactured and RYO cigarettes. We calculated the geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of TSNAs concentration in saliva (pg/mL), including N'-nitroaonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) according to the five tobacco groups. We also described all TSNAs concentration in each tobacco group stratified by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. RESULTS: Smokers from the RYO cigarette group had higher TSNAs concentration than smokers from the manufactured cigarette group: 13 pg/mL vs 4.9 pg/mL of NNN, 1.9 pg/mL vs 1.7 pg/mL in NNK and 1.1 pg/mL vs 0.9 pg/mL of NNAL. There were significant differences in NNN concentrations between smokers of RYO vs manufactured cigarettes. The higher the number of cigarettes smoked, the higher the TSNAs concentrations. After adjusted by number of cigarettes smoked, there were not statistically significant differences in TSNAs between RYO and manufactured cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that RYO cigarette is at least as hazardous as manufactured cigarettes. Regulating RYO tobacco prices could be an effective strategy to control tobacco use.