The role of type I interferons in CD4+ T cell differentiation.

Type I interferons (IFNs) released upon viral infections play different and opposing roles in disease outcome. This pleiotropic effect is mainly influenced by the cellular sources, timing and target cells for these molecules. The effect of type I IFN signaling on the activation and differentiation of antiviral CD4+ T cells remains ill defined, with studies reporting either a beneficial or a detrimental role, depending on the context of infection. This review will highlight several recent studies that have investigated the role of type I IFNs in the priming and polarization of CD4+ T cells and discuss areas of uncertainty that require further investigation.