Novel functions of phospholipase A2s: Overview.

The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family comprises a group of lipolytic enzymes that typically hydrolyze the sn-2 position of (glycerol) phospholipids to give rise to fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The mammalian genome encodes more than 30 (even 50) PLA2s or related enzymes, which are classified into several subfamilies on the basis of their structures and functions. The PLA2 family has been implicated not only in signal transduction by producing lipid mediators, but also in membrane homeostasis, energy production, and barrier function. Disturbance of PLA2-regulated lipid pathways often hampers tissue and cellular homeostasis and can be linked to various diseases. This special issue overviews the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and physiological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA2 family. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Novel functions of phospholipase A2 Guest Editors: Makoto Murakami and Gerard Lambeau.