The relationship of brachiocephalic vessel atheroma to transient ischemia of the brain and retina.

The relationships between transient cerebral and retinal ischemic symptoms and brachiocephalic angiographic findings were studied in 464 patients. The arterial abnormalities were more often bilateral than the symptoms suggested. Normal angiographic appearances were common, although abnormal arteries in patients without related symptoms were also common. When stenosis of the carotid system was 75 per cent or more, there was a strong correlation with symptoms.