Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga1, Cayque Brietzke1, Raul Canestri1, Márcio Fagundes Goethel1, Florentina Hettinga2, Tony Meireles Santos3, Flávio Oliveira Pires4. 1. Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Department of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. 3. Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 4. Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: piresfo@usp.br.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To verify whether caffeine (CAF) could increase the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and improve 20 km cycling time trial (TT20km) performance in mentally fatigued cyclists. METHODS:After preliminary TT20km, twelve recreational cyclists (VO2MAX of 58.9 ± 6.2 mL kg min-1) performed a familiarization with a cognitive test to induce mental fatigue (MF) and psychological scales. Thereafter, they performed: 2) a baseline TT20km; 3) a mentally fatigued TT20km (MF); 4 and 5) a mentally fatigued TT20km after CAF (MF + CAF) or placebo (MF + PLA) ingestion, in a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT20km, while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) theta wave was obtained before and after the mental fatigue test. RESULTS: The mental fatigue-induced increase in EEG theta wave (↑ ~ 4.8%) was reverted with CAF (↓ 8.8%) and PLA ingestion (↓ 4.8%). CAF improved TT20km performance in mentally fatigued cyclists by reducing time (p = .00; ↓ ~ 1.7%) and increasing WMEAN (p = .00; ↑ ~ 3.6%), when compared to MF + PLA. The RPE-power output ratio was lower (p = .01), but affect (p = .018), motivation (p = .033) and emotional arousal (p = .001) were greater throughout the TT20km in MF + CAF than in MF + PLA. CONCLUSIONS:CAF ingestion improved TT20km performance and psychological responses in mentally fatigued cyclists, despite the unaltered PFC activation.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: To verify whether caffeine (CAF) could increase the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and improve 20 km cycling time trial (TT20km) performance in mentally fatigued cyclists. METHODS: After preliminary TT20km, twelve recreational cyclists (VO2MAX of 58.9 ± 6.2 mL kg min-1) performed a familiarization with a cognitive test to induce mental fatigue (MF) and psychological scales. Thereafter, they performed: 2) a baseline TT20km; 3) a mentally fatigued TT20km (MF); 4 and 5) a mentally fatigued TT20km after CAF (MF + CAF) or placebo (MF + PLA) ingestion, in a double-blind, counterbalanced design. Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT20km, while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) theta wave was obtained before and after the mental fatigue test. RESULTS: The mental fatigue-induced increase in EEG theta wave (↑ ~ 4.8%) was reverted with CAF (↓ 8.8%) and PLA ingestion (↓ 4.8%). CAF improved TT20km performance in mentally fatigued cyclists by reducing time (p = .00; ↓ ~ 1.7%) and increasing WMEAN (p = .00; ↑ ~ 3.6%), when compared to MF + PLA. The RPE-power output ratio was lower (p = .01), but affect (p = .018), motivation (p = .033) and emotional arousal (p = .001) were greater throughout the TT20km in MF + CAF than in MF + PLA. CONCLUSIONS:CAF ingestion improved TT20km performance and psychological responses in mentally fatigued cyclists, despite the unaltered PFC activation.
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