Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin1, Brooke Lieberman1, Tami A Martino2, Lorrie A Kirshenbaum1. 1. The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada (I.R.-N., B.L., L.A.K.). 2. Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences/Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada (T.A.M.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the past several years, a variety of human and animal studies have shown that circadian clocks regulate biological cardiovascular rhythms in both health and disease. For example, heart rate and blood pressure fluctuate over 24-hour daily periods, such that levels are higher in the morning and progressively decline in the evening. METHODS AND RESULTS: It is interesting to note that the timing of the administration of various cardiac treatments can also benefit some cardiovascular outcomes. Circadian rhythms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Cell death is a major component of ischemia-reperfusion injury and posited as the central underlying cause of ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. It is notable that the time of day profoundly influences cardiac tolerance and sensitivity to cardiac injury. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we highlight the novel relationship between circadian rhythms and homeostatic processes that governs cell fate by apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Understanding how these intricate processes interconnect at the cellular level is of paramount clinical importance for optimizing treatment strategies to achieve maximum cardiovascular outcome.
BACKGROUND: Over the past several years, a variety of human and animal studies have shown that circadian clocks regulate biological cardiovascular rhythms in both health and disease. For example, heart rate and blood pressure fluctuate over 24-hour daily periods, such that levels are higher in the morning and progressively decline in the evening. METHODS AND RESULTS: It is interesting to note that the timing of the administration of various cardiac treatments can also benefit some cardiovascular outcomes. Circadian rhythms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Cell death is a major component of ischemia-reperfusion injury and posited as the central underlying cause of ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. It is notable that the time of day profoundly influences cardiac tolerance and sensitivity to cardiac injury. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we highlight the novel relationship between circadian rhythms and homeostatic processes that governs cell fate by apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Understanding how these intricate processes interconnect at the cellular level is of paramount clinical importance for optimizing treatment strategies to achieve maximum cardiovascular outcome.
Entities:
Keywords:
biology; cardiovascular diseases; circadian rhythm; ischemia; science; translational medical research
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