Bagher Farhood1, Keywan Mortezaee2, Hamed Haghi-Aminjan3, Neda Khanlarkhani4, Ensieh Salehi4, Maryam Shabani Nashtaei4,5, Masoud Najafi6, Amirhossein Sahebkar7,8,9. 1. Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. 2. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. 3. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Infertility Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran. 7. Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran. 8. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 9. School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men in the world, and radiotherapy is used as a standard treatment modality for this cancer. Although this treatment modality effectively kills prostate cancerous cells, it unavoidably irradiates the organs/tissues that are away from the treatment site. In this regard, radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy can affect sexual function, reproduction, and quality of life in cancer survivors. This review summarizes the available data on testicular exposure to radiation during prostate radiotherapy and the consequences on testicular function. METHODS: To illuminate the radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy, a systematic search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and clinical trials electronic databases up to September 2018. According to a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 eligible articles providing data on testicular function following radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS: According to the different radiotherapeutic techniques used for prostate cancer treatment, the total tumor dose and scattered testicular dose values were ranging from 36.25 to 78.00 Gy and 0.06 to 6.48 Gy, respectively. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly higher in comparison with the pretreatment levels. Around 60% of the studies showed that testosterone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction (ED), as an adverse side effect resulting from prostate radiotherapy, was reported and this complication is significantly correlated with lower satisfaction with sexual life. Testicular atrophy following prostate radiotherapy has also been observed and its frequency in patients with prior prostate radiotherapy is 2.5 times more than that in the patients without prior radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that the scattered dose to testicular tissues during prostate radiotherapy can lead to testicular atrophy, variation of the male sex hormones, and quality of sexual life.
BACKGROUND:Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men in the world, and radiotherapy is used as a standard treatment modality for this cancer. Although this treatment modality effectively kills prostate cancerous cells, it unavoidably irradiates the organs/tissues that are away from the treatment site. In this regard, radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy can affect sexual function, reproduction, and quality of life in cancer survivors. This review summarizes the available data on testicular exposure to radiation during prostate radiotherapy and the consequences on testicular function. METHODS: To illuminate the radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy, a systematic search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and clinical trials electronic databases up to September 2018. According to a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 eligible articles providing data on testicular function following radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS: According to the different radiotherapeutic techniques used for prostate cancer treatment, the total tumor dose and scattered testicular dose values were ranging from 36.25 to 78.00 Gy and 0.06 to 6.48 Gy, respectively. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly higher in comparison with the pretreatment levels. Around 60% of the studies showed that testosterone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction (ED), as an adverse side effect resulting from prostate radiotherapy, was reported and this complication is significantly correlated with lower satisfaction with sexual life. Testicular atrophy following prostate radiotherapy has also been observed and its frequency in patients with prior prostate radiotherapy is 2.5 times more than that in the patients without prior radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that the scattered dose to testicular tissues during prostate radiotherapy can lead to testicular atrophy, variation of the male sex hormones, and quality of sexual life.
Authors: Qinyu Zeng; Shuhua He; Liren Zhong; Li Wang; Fengzhi Cheng; Haibo Zhang; Jialiang Hui; Anyang Wei Journal: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Date: 2019-11-30
Authors: Sophie D Fosså; Alv A Dahl; Tom Børge Johannesen; Ylva M Gjelsvik; Anne Holck Storås; Tor Å Myklebust Journal: Clin Transl Radiat Oncol Date: 2022-08-06