Sarah E Battle1, Matthew R Augustine2, Christopher M Watson3, P Brandon Bookstaver4,5, Joseph Kohn5, William B Owens1,2, Larry M Baddour6, Majdi N Al-Hasan7,8. 1. Department of Medicine, Palmetto Health University of South Carolina Medical Group, Columbia, SC, USA. 2. University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 2 Medical Park, Suite 502, Columbia, SC, 29203, USA. 3. Department of Acute Care Surgery, Prisma Health Richland Hospital, Columbia, SC, USA. 4. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA. 5. Department of Pharmacy, Prisma Health Richland Hospital, Columbia, SC, USA. 6. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 7. Department of Medicine, Palmetto Health University of South Carolina Medical Group, Columbia, SC, USA. majdi.alhasan@uscmed.sc.edu. 8. University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 2 Medical Park, Suite 502, Columbia, SC, 29203, USA. majdi.alhasan@uscmed.sc.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study derived a "quick" version of the Pitt bacteremia score (qPitt) using binary variables in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI). The qPitt discrimination was then compared to quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS: Hospitalized adults with Gram-negative BSI at Palmetto Health hospitals in Columbia, SC, USA from 2010 to 2013 were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine variables associated with 14-day mortality. RESULTS: Among 832 patients with Gram-negative BSI, median age was 65 years and 449 (54%) were women. After adjustments for age and Charleston comorbidity score, all five components of qPitt were independently associated with mortality: temperature < 36 °C [hazard ratio (HR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-4.62], systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or vasopressor use (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.37-4.13), respiratory rate ≥ 25/min or mechanical ventilation (HR 3.01, 95% CI 1.81-5.14), cardiac arrest (HR 5.35, 95% CI 2.81-9.43), and altered mental status (HR 3.99, 95% CI 2.44-6.80). The qPitt had higher discrimination to predict mortality [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.85] than both qSOFA (AUROC 0.77, p < 0.001) and SIRS (AUROC 0.63, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mortality between appropriate and inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy in patients with qPitt ≥ 2 (24% vs. 49%, p < 0.001), but not in those with qPitt < 2 (3% vs. 5%, p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: The qPitt had good discrimination in predicting mortality following Gram-negative BSI and identifying opportunities for improved survival with appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy.
PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study derived a "quick" version of the Pitt bacteremia score (qPitt) using binary variables in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI). The qPitt discrimination was then compared to quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS: Hospitalized adults with Gram-negative BSI at Palmetto Health hospitals in Columbia, SC, USA from 2010 to 2013 were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine variables associated with 14-day mortality. RESULTS: Among 832 patients with Gram-negative BSI, median age was 65 years and 449 (54%) were women. After adjustments for age and Charleston comorbidity score, all five components of qPitt were independently associated with mortality: temperature < 36 °C [hazard ratio (HR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-4.62], systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or vasopressor use (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.37-4.13), respiratory rate ≥ 25/min or mechanical ventilation (HR 3.01, 95% CI 1.81-5.14), cardiac arrest (HR 5.35, 95% CI 2.81-9.43), and altered mental status (HR 3.99, 95% CI 2.44-6.80). The qPitt had higher discrimination to predict mortality [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.85] than both qSOFA (AUROC 0.77, p < 0.001) and SIRS (AUROC 0.63, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mortality between appropriate and inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy in patients with qPitt ≥ 2 (24% vs. 49%, p < 0.001), but not in those with qPitt < 2 (3% vs. 5%, p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: The qPitt had good discrimination in predicting mortality following Gram-negative BSI and identifying opportunities for improved survival with appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy.
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