Rie Sakai-Bizmark1, Scott M I Friedlander2, Karin Oshima3, Eliza J Webber2, Laurie A Mena2, Emily H Marr2, Yoshikazu Ohtsuka4. 1. Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, USA. Electronic address: rsakaibizmark@ucla.edu. 2. Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. 3. Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially fatal allergic response. Early-life exposure to rural environments may help protect against allergic reaction. This study assesses urban/rural differences by age and race/ethnicity in emergency department (ED) pediatric visit rates for food-induced anaphylaxis. METHODS: This observational study examined 2009-2014 inpatient and ED data from New York and Florida, using ICD-9-CM diagnostic code (995.6) to identify food-induced anaphylaxis cases <18 y/o. Primary predictor of interest was urban/rural setting, with race/ethnicity and age also evaluated. Associations between ED visit rates and urban/rural setting were evaluated by multivariable hierarchical negative binomial regression with state and year fixed effects. RESULTS: ED visit rates (per 100,000) for food-induced anaphylaxis were 12.31 and 4.60 in urban and rural settings, respectively. Rates were highest among Blacks (15.26) younger urban children (17.29) and older rural children (6.99). Compared to rural, urban children had significantly higher anaphalaxis ED visit rates (IRR 2.77). CONCLUSIONS: Food-induced anaphylaxis ED visit rates were highest among younger urban children and Black children, with a notable contrast in age distribution between urban and rural rates. Higher urban rates may be attributed to Hygiene Hypothesis, though racial, economic and emergency care access disparities may also influence these outcomes.
BACKGROUND:Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially fatal allergic response. Early-life exposure to rural environments may help protect against allergic reaction. This study assesses urban/rural differences by age and race/ethnicity in emergency department (ED) pediatric visit rates for food-induced anaphylaxis. METHODS: This observational study examined 2009-2014 inpatient and ED data from New York and Florida, using ICD-9-CM diagnostic code (995.6) to identify food-induced anaphylaxis cases <18 y/o. Primary predictor of interest was urban/rural setting, with race/ethnicity and age also evaluated. Associations between ED visit rates and urban/rural setting were evaluated by multivariable hierarchical negative binomial regression with state and year fixed effects. RESULTS: ED visit rates (per 100,000) for food-induced anaphylaxis were 12.31 and 4.60 in urban and rural settings, respectively. Rates were highest among Blacks (15.26) younger urban children (17.29) and older rural children (6.99). Compared to rural, urban children had significantly higher anaphalaxis ED visit rates (IRR 2.77). CONCLUSIONS: Food-induced anaphylaxis ED visit rates were highest among younger urban children and Black children, with a notable contrast in age distribution between urban and rural rates. Higher urban rates may be attributed to Hygiene Hypothesis, though racial, economic and emergency care access disparities may also influence these outcomes.
Authors: Anthony J Schaeffer; Patrick C Cartwright; Glen A Lau; Mark D Ebert; Nora F Fino; Flory L Nkoy; Rachel Hess Journal: Adv Urol Date: 2020-07-30