Joy Roach1, Benjamin Gaastra1, Diederik Bulters1, Anan Shtaya2. 1. Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. 2. Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London and St. George's University Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ashtaya@sgul.ac.uk.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is required frequently in neurosurgical patients to divert cerebrospinal fluid and monitor intracranial pressure. The usual practice is the tunneled EVD technique performed in operating theaters. EVD insertion through a bolt in intensive care also is described. We employ both practices in our institute. Herein, we compare the indications, accuracy, safety, and costs of the 2 techniques. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained EVD database of all patients undergoing first frontal EVD placement between January 2010 and December 2015. Those patients with preceding cerebrospinal fluid infection were excluded. We compared bolt EVD with tunneled EVD techniques in terms of accuracy of EVD tip location by analyzing computed tomography scans to grade catheter tip location as optimal (ipsilateral frontal horn) or otherwise suboptimal, and complications that include infection and revision rates. RESULTS: In total, 579 eligible patients aged 3 months to 84 years were identified; 430 had tunneled EVDs and 149 bolt EVDs. The most frequent diagnosis was intracranial hemorrhage (73% bolt vs. 50.4% tunneled group; P < 0.001). Other diagnoses included tumor (4.7% bolt vs. 19.1% tunneled; P < 0.001) and traumatic brain injury (17.5% bolt vs. 17.4% tunneled). In the bolt EVD group 66.4% of EVD tips were optimal, compared with 61.0% in the tunneled group (P = 0.33). Infection was confirmed in 15 (10.0%) bolt EVDs compared with 61 (14.2%) tunneled EVDs (P = 0.2). Each bolt EVD kit costs £260, whereas placing a tunneled one in the theater costs £1316. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside bolt EVD placement is safe, accurate, and cost effective in selective patients with hemorrhage-related hydrocephalus.
OBJECTIVES: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is required frequently in neurosurgical patients to divert cerebrospinal fluid and monitor intracranial pressure. The usual practice is the tunneled EVD technique performed in operating theaters. EVD insertion through a bolt in intensive care also is described. We employ both practices in our institute. Herein, we compare the indications, accuracy, safety, and costs of the 2 techniques. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained EVD database of all patients undergoing first frontal EVD placement between January 2010 and December 2015. Those patients with preceding cerebrospinal fluid infection were excluded. We compared bolt EVD with tunneled EVD techniques in terms of accuracy of EVD tip location by analyzing computed tomography scans to grade catheter tip location as optimal (ipsilateral frontal horn) or otherwise suboptimal, and complications that include infection and revision rates. RESULTS: In total, 579 eligible patients aged 3 months to 84 years were identified; 430 had tunneled EVDs and 149 bolt EVDs. The most frequent diagnosis was intracranial hemorrhage (73% bolt vs. 50.4% tunneled group; P < 0.001). Other diagnoses included tumor (4.7% bolt vs. 19.1% tunneled; P < 0.001) and traumatic brain injury (17.5% bolt vs. 17.4% tunneled). In the bolt EVD group 66.4% of EVD tips were optimal, compared with 61.0% in the tunneled group (P = 0.33). Infection was confirmed in 15 (10.0%) bolt EVDs compared with 61 (14.2%) tunneled EVDs (P = 0.2). Each bolt EVD kit costs £260, whereas placing a tunneled one in the theater costs £1316. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside bolt EVD placement is safe, accurate, and cost effective in selective patients with hemorrhage-related hydrocephalus.
Authors: Ivan Cabrilo; Claudia L Craven; Hazem Abuhusain; Laura Pradini-Santos; Hasan Asif; Hani J Marcus; Ugan Reddy; Laurence D Watkins; Ahmed K Toma Journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) Date: 2020-10-31 Impact factor: 2.216
Authors: Charlene Y C Chau; Claudia L Craven; Andres M Rubiano; Hadie Adams; Selma Tülü; Marek Czosnyka; Franco Servadei; Ari Ercole; Peter J Hutchinson; Angelos G Kolias Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2019-09-10 Impact factor: 4.241