Matthew C Simpson1, Sai D Challapalli2, Lauren M Cass1, Zisansha S Zahirsha3, Eric Adjei Boakye4, Sean T Massa5, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters6. 1. Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis, USA. 2. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Houston, USA. 3. Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA. 4. Saint Louis University Center for Health Outcomes Research, St. Louis, USA. 5. Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis, USA. 6. Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis, USA; Saint Louis University Cancer Center, St. Louis, USA. Electronic address: nosazuwa@slu.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the impact of marital status on head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes vary by gender. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from 2007 to 2014 was queried for eligible cases of HNC (n = 71,799). An interaction term (gender*marital status) was tested for each outcome of interest (cancer-specific survival, stage of presentation, adequate treatment), and when significant (p < 0.05), the model was stratified by gender. A competing risks proportional hazards (subdistribution [sd]) model estimated the interaction effect on cancer-specific survival. Logistic regression estimated effect on stage of presentation and treatment type. RESULTS: There was significant gender*marital status interaction for cancer-specific survival and stage of presentation. While married/partnered patients had the highest survival among both genders, males benefitted more: widowed (male sdHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.31, 1.52; female sdHR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06, 1.26), divorced/separated (males: sdHR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.32, 1.46; females: sdHR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06, 1.28), or never married (males: sdHR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.36, 1.49; females: sdHR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.26). When stratified by oropharyngeal cancer vs. non-oropharyngeal HNC, unmarried males had 50-60% increased hazard of death, while no difference was found for females. Unmarried males also had greater odds of presenting with late-stage disease compared with females. No gender*marital status interaction was observed for adequate treatment, although married/partnered survivors had greater odds of receiving adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While there are survival benefits for married patients with HNC, married/partnered males, especially those with oropharyngeal cancer, may benefit more than females.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the impact of marital status on head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes vary by gender. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from 2007 to 2014 was queried for eligible cases of HNC (n = 71,799). An interaction term (gender*marital status) was tested for each outcome of interest (cancer-specific survival, stage of presentation, adequate treatment), and when significant (p < 0.05), the model was stratified by gender. A competing risks proportional hazards (subdistribution [sd]) model estimated the interaction effect on cancer-specific survival. Logistic regression estimated effect on stage of presentation and treatment type. RESULTS: There was significant gender*marital status interaction for cancer-specific survival and stage of presentation. While married/partnered patients had the highest survival among both genders, males benefitted more: widowed (male sdHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.31, 1.52; female sdHR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06, 1.26), divorced/separated (males: sdHR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.32, 1.46; females: sdHR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06, 1.28), or never married (males: sdHR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.36, 1.49; females: sdHR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.26). When stratified by oropharyngeal cancer vs. non-oropharyngeal HNC, unmarried males had 50-60% increased hazard of death, while no difference was found for females. Unmarried males also had greater odds of presenting with late-stage disease compared with females. No gender*marital status interaction was observed for adequate treatment, although married/partnered survivors had greater odds of receiving adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While there are survival benefits for married patients with HNC, married/partnered males, especially those with oropharyngeal cancer, may benefit more than females.
Keywords:
Cancer survivorship; Cancer-specific survival; Gender; Head and neck cancer (HNC); Marital status; SEER; Stage of presentation; Treatment type
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