New yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors constructed with in vitro mutagenized yeast genes lacking six-base pair restriction sites.

We describe the production of new alleles of the LEU2, URA3 and TRP1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by in vitro mutagenesis. Each new allele, which lacks restriction enzyme recognition sequences found in the pUC19 multicloning site, was used to construct a unique series of yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors derived from the plasmid pUC19. For each gene a 2 mu vector (YEplac), an ARS1 CEN4 vector (YCplac) and an integrative vector (YIplac) was constructed. The features of these vectors include (i) small size; (ii) unique recognition site for each restriction enzyme found in the pUC19 multicloning site; (iii) screening for plasmids containing inserts by color assay; (iv) high plasmid yield; (v) efficient transformation of S. cerevisiae. These vectors should allow greater flexibility with regard to DNA restriction fragment manipulation and subcloning.