Michael S Toss1,2, Islam M Miligy1,3, Rita Haj-Ahmad1, Kylie L Gorringe4,5, Abdulbaqi AlKawaz1,6, Karuna Mittal7, Ian O Ellis1, Andrew R Green1, Emad A Rakha1,3. 1. Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Notts, UK. 2. Histopathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. 3. Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. 4. Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. 5. The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. 6. College of Dentistry, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq. 7. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: Cathepsin A (CTSA) is a key regulatory enzyme for galactoside metabolism. Additionally, it has a distinct proteolytic activity and plays a role in tumour progression. CTSA is differentially expressed at the mRNA level between breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). In this study, we aimed to characterise CTSA protein expression in DCIS and evaluate its prognostic significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: A large cohort of DCIS [n = 776 for pure DCIS and n = 239 for DCIS associated with IBC (DCIS/IBC)] prepared as a tissue microarray was immunohistochemically stained for CTSA. High CTSA expression was observed in 48% of pure DCIS. High expression was associated with features of poor DCIS prognosis, including younger age at diagnosis (<50 years), higher nuclear grade, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, high proliferative index and high hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha expression. High CTSA expression was associated with shorter recurrence-free interval (RFI) (P = 0.0001). In multivariate survival analysis for patients treated with breast conserving surgery, CTSA was an independent predictor of shorter RFI (P = 0.015). DCIS associated with IBC showed higher CTSA expression than pure DCIS (P = 0.04). In the DCIS/IBC cohort, CTSA expression was higher in the invasive component than the DCIS component (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: CTSA is not only associated with aggressive behaviour and poor outcome in DCIS but also a potential marker to predict co-existing invasion in DCIS.
AIMS: Cathepsin A (CTSA) is a key regulatory enzyme for galactoside metabolism. Additionally, it has a distinct proteolytic activity and plays a role in tumour progression. CTSA is differentially expressed at the mRNA level between breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). In this study, we aimed to characterise CTSA protein expression in DCIS and evaluate its prognostic significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: A large cohort of DCIS [n = 776 for pure DCIS and n = 239 for DCIS associated with IBC (DCIS/IBC)] prepared as a tissue microarray was immunohistochemically stained for CTSA. High CTSA expression was observed in 48% of pure DCIS. High expression was associated with features of poor DCIS prognosis, including younger age at diagnosis (<50 years), higher nuclear grade, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, high proliferative index and high hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha expression. High CTSA expression was associated with shorter recurrence-free interval (RFI) (P = 0.0001). In multivariate survival analysis for patients treated with breast conserving surgery, CTSA was an independent predictor of shorter RFI (P = 0.015). DCIS associated with IBC showed higher CTSA expression than pure DCIS (P = 0.04). In the DCIS/IBC cohort, CTSA expression was higher in the invasive component than the DCIS component (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:CTSA is not only associated with aggressive behaviour and poor outcome in DCIS but also a potential marker to predict co-existing invasion in DCIS.
Authors: Julia Solek; Jedrzej Chrzanowski; Adrianna Cieslak; Aleksandra Zielinska; Dominika Piasecka; Marcin Braun; Rafal Sadej; Hanna M Romanska Journal: Biomedicines Date: 2022-05-03
Authors: Seyhan Turk; Can Turk; Muhammad Waqas Akbar; Baris Kucukkaraduman; Murat Isbilen; Secil Demirkol Canli; Umit Yavuz Malkan; Mufide Okay; Gulberk Ucar; Nilgun Sayinalp; Ibrahim Celalettin Haznedaroglu; Ali Osmay Gure Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-11-25 Impact factor: 3.240