Fabio Bagante1, Andrea Ruzzenente2, Eliza W Beal3, Tommaso Campagnaro2, Katiuscha Merath3, Simone Conci2, Ozgür Akgül3, Sorin Alexandrescu4, Hugo P Marques5, Vincent Lam6, Feng Shen7, George A Poultsides8, Olivier Soubrane9, Guillaume Martel10, Calogero Iacono2, Alfredo Guglielmi2, Timothy M Pawlik11. 1. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 2. Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 3. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. 4. Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania. 5. Department of Surgery, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. 6. Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. 7. Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China. 8. Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 9. Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, AP-HP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France. 10. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 11. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: tim.pawlik@osumc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The best achievable short-term outcomes after liver surgery have not been identified. Several factors may influence the post-operative course of patients undergoing hepatectomy increasing the risk of post-operative complications. We sought to identify risk-adjusted benchmark values [BMV] for liver surgery. METHODS: The National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to develop Bayesian models to estimate risk-adjusted BMVs for overall and liver related (post-hepatectomy liver failure [PHLF], biliary leakage [BL]) complications. A separate international multi-institutional database was used to validate the risk-adjusted BMVs. RESULTS: Among the 11,243 patients included in the NSQIP database, the incidence of complications, PHLF, and BL was 36%, 5%, and 8%, respectively. The risk-adjusted BMVs for complication (range, 16-72%), PHLF (range, 1%-20%), and BL (range, 4%-22%) demonstrated a high variability based on patients characteristics. When tested using an international database including nine institutes, the risk-adjusted BMVs for complications ranged from 26% (Institute-4) to 43% (Institute-1), BMVs for PHLF between 3% (Institute-3) and 12% (Institute-5), while BMVs for BL ranged between 5% (Institute-4) and 9% (Institute-7). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors influence the risk of complications following hepatectomy. Risk-adjusted BMVs are likely much more applicable and appropriate in assessing "acceptable" benchmark outcomes following liver surgery.
BACKGROUND: The best achievable short-term outcomes after liver surgery have not been identified. Several factors may influence the post-operative course of patients undergoing hepatectomy increasing the risk of post-operative complications. We sought to identify risk-adjusted benchmark values [BMV] for liver surgery. METHODS: The National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to develop Bayesian models to estimate risk-adjusted BMVs for overall and liver related (post-hepatectomy liver failure [PHLF], biliary leakage [BL]) complications. A separate international multi-institutional database was used to validate the risk-adjusted BMVs. RESULTS: Among the 11,243 patients included in the NSQIP database, the incidence of complications, PHLF, and BL was 36%, 5%, and 8%, respectively. The risk-adjusted BMVs for complication (range, 16-72%), PHLF (range, 1%-20%), and BL (range, 4%-22%) demonstrated a high variability based on patients characteristics. When tested using an international database including nine institutes, the risk-adjusted BMVs for complications ranged from 26% (Institute-4) to 43% (Institute-1), BMVs for PHLF between 3% (Institute-3) and 12% (Institute-5), while BMVs for BL ranged between 5% (Institute-4) and 9% (Institute-7). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors influence the risk of complications following hepatectomy. Risk-adjusted BMVs are likely much more applicable and appropriate in assessing "acceptable" benchmark outcomes following liver surgery.