Giovanni Battista Menchini-Fabris1,2, Ugo Covani3, Paolo Toti4,5, Simone Marconcini3,6, Antonio Barone7, Ranieri Martuscelli8. 1. Study Centre for Multidisciplinary Regenerative Research, University of Rome "G. Marconi", Via Vittoria Colonna, 11, 00193, Rome, Italy. 2. San Rossore Dental Unit, San Rossore Private Hospital, Viale delle Cascine, 152/f, 56122, Pisa, Italy. 3. Tuscan Dental Institute, Fortis Dental Center, Via Padre Ignazio da Carrara 39, 55042, Forte dei Marmi, Italy. 4. Study Centre for Multidisciplinary Regenerative Research, University of Rome "G. Marconi", Via Vittoria Colonna, 11, 00193, Rome, Italy. capello.totipaolo@tiscali.it. 5. Tuscan Dental Institute, Fortis Dental Center, Via Padre Ignazio da Carrara 39, 55042, Forte dei Marmi, Italy. capello.totipaolo@tiscali.it. 6. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. 7. Unit of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneve 4, Switzerland. 8. Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80100, Naples, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We sought to validate a new method to detect the degree of correlation between simulated and real tilted blade implants as they appear on a single two-dimensional radiograph. METHODS: The angular correction factor (CF^) was defined as the coupling of two subsequent angle transformations, a set of five angular values describing the theoretical radiographic appearance of the blade implant: (1) three consecutive rotations about the axes of the blade ([Formula: see text], θ, and ψ, standing for pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively) to represent the polarization directions; (2) a two-dimensional projection defined by two angles (λ and [Formula: see text], respectively, longitude and latitude) to represent the vector of the X-ray beam intersecting the detector plate. Data of patients who received fixed prostheses supported by blade-form implants were employed to calculate a dimensional correction factor (CF°), a specific length through the major axis. The simulation of a distorted radiograph of a blade positioned in space was compared with the real radiograph. Differences in the angular measurements served as an initial test to assess the effectiveness of the method. RESULTS: In the acquired sets of periapical radiographs, mean misalignments of + 3.58° in longitude and - 0.04° in latitude were registered. The following variations were detected during the accuracy testing: the absolute error was 0.1 ± 7.5° for angle [Formula: see text]; 2.4 ± 6.7° for angle θ; - 1.0 ± 3.7° for angle ψ; 4.5 ± 8.6° for angle λ; and 2.0 ± 9.3° for angle [Formula: see text]. The linear dependence between CF° and CF^ was estimated by a robust linear regression: slope + 0.991, intercept + 0.007, and adjusted R2 0.992. CONCLUSIONS: This a posteriori analysis introduces the explicit trigonometric equations of the theoretical standard (CF^) used to describe the blade implant radiographic position and misalignment on two-dimensional radiographs.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to validate a new method to detect the degree of correlation between simulated and real tilted blade implants as they appear on a single two-dimensional radiograph. METHODS: The angular correction factor (CF^) was defined as the coupling of two subsequent angle transformations, a set of five angular values describing the theoretical radiographic appearance of the blade implant: (1) three consecutive rotations about the axes of the blade ([Formula: see text], θ, and ψ, standing for pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively) to represent the polarization directions; (2) a two-dimensional projection defined by two angles (λ and [Formula: see text], respectively, longitude and latitude) to represent the vector of the X-ray beam intersecting the detector plate. Data of patients who received fixed prostheses supported by blade-form implants were employed to calculate a dimensional correction factor (CF°), a specific length through the major axis. The simulation of a distorted radiograph of a blade positioned in space was compared with the real radiograph. Differences in the angular measurements served as an initial test to assess the effectiveness of the method. RESULTS: In the acquired sets of periapical radiographs, mean misalignments of + 3.58° in longitude and - 0.04° in latitude were registered. The following variations were detected during the accuracy testing: the absolute error was 0.1 ± 7.5° for angle [Formula: see text]; 2.4 ± 6.7° for angle θ; - 1.0 ± 3.7° for angle ψ; 4.5 ± 8.6° for angle λ; and 2.0 ± 9.3° for angle [Formula: see text]. The linear dependence between CF° and CF^ was estimated by a robust linear regression: slope + 0.991, intercept + 0.007, and adjusted R2 0.992. CONCLUSIONS: This a posteriori analysis introduces the explicit trigonometric equations of the theoretical standard (CF^) used to describe the blade implant radiographic position and misalignment on two-dimensional radiographs.
Authors: Saverio Cosola; Paolo Toti; Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago; Ugo Covani; Bruno Carlo Brevi; David Peñarrocha-Oltra Journal: BMC Oral Health Date: 2021-03-06 Impact factor: 2.757