Annamária Fenesi1, Dorottya Sándor1, Petr Pyšek2,3,4, Wayne Dawson5, Eszter Ruprecht1, Franz Essl4,6, Holger Kreft7,8, Jan Pergl2, Patrick Weigelt7, Marten Winter9, Mark Van Kleunen10,11. 1. Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 2. The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic. 3. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic. 4. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. 5. Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK. 6. Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria. 7. Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany. 8. Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany. 9. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 10. Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. 11. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fruit heteromorphism is considered to be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatially or temporally heterogeneous environments. The different behaviours of the fruit morphs of the same species might also be beneficial during naturalization, once the species has been introduced to a new range. Yet, no study to date has tested the association between fruit heteromorphism and global-scale naturalization success for a large set of plant species. METHODS: We compiled two large datasets on fruit heteromorphism in Asteraceae. One dataset was on native species in Central Europe (n = 321) and the other was on species frequently planted as ornamentals (n = 584). Using phylogenetic linear and logistic regressions, we tested whether heteromorphic species are more likely to naturalize outside their native range, and in more regions of the world than monomorphic species. We also tested whether the effect of heteromorphism is modulated by life history and height of the species. KEY RESULTS: We show that heteromorphic species were more likely to naturalize outside their native range. However, among the naturalized species, heteromorphic and monomorphic species did not differ in the number of world regions where they became naturalized. A short life span and tall stature both promoted naturalization success and, when life history and height were included in the models, the effect of fruit heteromorphism on the ability to naturalize became non-significant. Nevertheless, among tall plants, heteromorphic ornamental species were significantly more likely to become naturalized in general and in more regions than monomorphic species. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that in Asteraceae the production of heteromorphic fruits is associated with naturalization success. It appears, however, that not fruit heteromorphism per se, but a successful combination of other biological traits in fruit heteromorphic species, namely short life span and tall stature, contributes to their naturalization success.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fruit heteromorphism is considered to be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatially or temporally heterogeneous environments. The different behaviours of the fruit morphs of the same species might also be beneficial during naturalization, once the species has been introduced to a new range. Yet, no study to date has tested the association between fruit heteromorphism and global-scale naturalization success for a large set of plant species. METHODS: We compiled two large datasets on fruit heteromorphism in Asteraceae. One dataset was on native species in Central Europe (n = 321) and the other was on species frequently planted as ornamentals (n = 584). Using phylogenetic linear and logistic regressions, we tested whether heteromorphic species are more likely to naturalize outside their native range, and in more regions of the world than monomorphic species. We also tested whether the effect of heteromorphism is modulated by life history and height of the species. KEY RESULTS: We show that heteromorphic species were more likely to naturalize outside their native range. However, among the naturalized species, heteromorphic and monomorphic species did not differ in the number of world regions where they became naturalized. A short life span and tall stature both promoted naturalization success and, when life history and height were included in the models, the effect of fruit heteromorphism on the ability to naturalize became non-significant. Nevertheless, among tall plants, heteromorphic ornamental species were significantly more likely to become naturalized in general and in more regions than monomorphic species. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that in Asteraceae the production of heteromorphic fruits is associated with naturalization success. It appears, however, that not fruit heteromorphism per se, but a successful combination of other biological traits in fruit heteromorphic species, namely short life span and tall stature, contributes to their naturalization success.
Authors: Petr Pyšek; Ameur M Manceur; Christina Alba; Kirsty F McGregor; Jan Pergl; Katerina Stajerová; Milan Chytrý; Jiří Danihelka; John Kartesz; Jitka Klimesova; Magdalena Lucanova; Lenka Moravcová; Misako Nishino; Jiri Sadlo; Jan Suda; Lubomir Tichy; Ingolf Kühn Journal: Ecology Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 5.499
Authors: Mark van Kleunen; Franz Essl; Jan Pergl; Giuseppe Brundu; Marta Carboni; Stefan Dullinger; Regan Early; Pablo González-Moreno; Quentin J Groom; Philip E Hulme; Christoph Kueffer; Ingolf Kühn; Cristina Máguas; Noëlie Maurel; Ana Novoa; Madalin Parepa; Petr Pyšek; Hanno Seebens; Rob Tanner; Julia Touza; Laura Verbrugge; Ewald Weber; Wayne Dawson; Holger Kreft; Patrick Weigelt; Marten Winter; Günther Klonner; Matthew V Talluto; Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz Journal: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc Date: 2018-03-05
Authors: Mialy Razanajatovo; Noëlie Maurel; Wayne Dawson; Franz Essl; Holger Kreft; Jan Pergl; Petr Pyšek; Patrick Weigelt; Marten Winter; Mark van Kleunen Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-10-31 Impact factor: 14.919