Consistent Condom Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Lomé and Kara, Togo.

High transmission probability of HIV during condomless anal sex puts men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender, and nonbinary individuals at increased risk of infection. This analysis aims to examine the socioeconomic, biological, and behavioral factors that are associated with consistent condom use (CCU) during insertive/receptive anal sex among MSM in the last month in the cities of Lomé and Kara, Togo. A total of 683 MSM ≥18 years of age were surveyed using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for a cross-sectional survey in Lomé (n = 354; 51.8%) and Kara (n = 329; 48.2%). Participants completed a structured questionnaire and were tested for HIV and syphilis. Statistical analyses included RDS-weighted proportions, bootstrapped confidence intervals (CIs), and logistic regression models. When compared with Lomé, MSM in Kara had lower odds of CCU [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.19-0.44]. Other factors associated with lower CCU were having an income of 2,000 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA)-12,000 CFA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.77) or above 12,000 CFA (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.20-0.57), transgender women (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.92), and intersex gender (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24-0.73), and ever being forced to have sex (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21-0.82). Factors associated with CCU were identified in this study including older age (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04-2.14) and having easy access to condoms (aOR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.23-5.94) and very easy access to condoms (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.20-6.16). Reported condom use in this study was low, and several factors associated with CCU were identified including older age and access to condoms. This study highlights multiple barriers to preventive services experienced by MSM in Togo and therefore leveraging strategies to address these barriers may improve prevention of HIV and syphilis.