Tomas Linkevicius1, Audrius Caplikas2, Irma Dumbryte2, Laura Linkeviciene3, Olga Svediene2. 1. Professor, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: linktomo@gmail.com. 2. Private practice, Vilnius, Lithuania. 3. Associate Professor, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: How cement type and the surface treatment of a titanium base affect the retention of zirconia copings on titanium bases is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dislodging forces of zirconium oxide copings cemented on implant-supported titanium bases with different luting agents and to examine the influence of airborne-particle abrasion on titanium surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty implant laboratory analogs (BioHorizons) were fixed in metal blocks, and 30 prosthetic titanium bases (BioHorizons) were tightened with 35 Ncm of torque. Zirconium oxide copings with a luting-gap size of 30 μm were produced by using the Lava (3M ESPE) technology. The specimens were bonded to the titanium bases with 3 different resin cements (G-CEM LinkAce, RelyX U200, and Ceka Site). The specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours and then subjected to a dynamic loading of 5000 cycles with a mastication simulator (SD Mechatronic) with thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C. The tensile force was measured by using a universal testing machine (Zwick/Roell) at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. After the measurement, the cement was cleaned from the titanium bases and zirconia copings. The titanium bases were airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles, and the bonding process was repeated. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, 2-way ANOVA, the Tukey post hoc, and simple main effect tests (α=.05). RESULTS: Bond strengths were significantly different according to the cement type used and before and after airborne-particle abrasion (P<.05). The cement retentiveness before airborne-particle abrasion was as follows: G-CEM LinkAce (1338 ±69 N)>RelyX U200 (665 ±36 N)>Ceka Site (469 ±22 N). The differences among all the cement types before airborne-particle abrasion were statistically significant (P<.05). After airborne-particle abrasion, retention decreased in all the groups, and the ranking of the cements' retentiveness remained the same: G-CEM LinkAce (662 ±65 N)>RelyX U200 (352 ±21 N)>Ceka Site (122 ±17 N). After airborne-particle abrasion, the differences among all the cements remained statistically significant (P<.05). The comparison within the groups before and after airborne-particle abrasion revealed that abrading the titanium bases with 50-μm Al2O3 decreased the bond strength for all the tested cements. CONCLUSIONS: The cement type had a significant influence on the retention of the zirconia copings, and abrading the titanium bases with 50-μm Al2O3 significantly decreased the dislodging force of the coping from the titanium base.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: How cement type and the surface treatment of a titanium base affect the retention of zirconia copings on titanium bases is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dislodging forces of zirconium oxide copings cemented on implant-supported titanium bases with different luting agents and to examine the influence of airborne-particle abrasion on titanium surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty implant laboratory analogs (BioHorizons) were fixed in metal blocks, and 30 prosthetic titanium bases (BioHorizons) were tightened with 35 Ncm of torque. Zirconium oxide copings with a luting-gap size of 30 μm were produced by using the Lava (3M ESPE) technology. The specimens were bonded to the titanium bases with 3 different resin cements (G-CEM LinkAce, RelyX U200, and Ceka Site). The specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours and then subjected to a dynamic loading of 5000 cycles with a mastication simulator (SD Mechatronic) with thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C. The tensile force was measured by using a universal testing machine (Zwick/Roell) at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. After the measurement, the cement was cleaned from the titanium bases and zirconia copings. The titanium bases were airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles, and the bonding process was repeated. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, 2-way ANOVA, the Tukey post hoc, and simple main effect tests (α=.05). RESULTS: Bond strengths were significantly different according to the cement type used and before and after airborne-particle abrasion (P<.05). The cement retentiveness before airborne-particle abrasion was as follows: G-CEM LinkAce (1338 ±69 N)>RelyX U200 (665 ±36 N)>Ceka Site (469 ±22 N). The differences among all the cement types before airborne-particle abrasion were statistically significant (P<.05). After airborne-particle abrasion, retention decreased in all the groups, and the ranking of the cements' retentiveness remained the same: G-CEM LinkAce (662 ±65 N)>RelyX U200 (352 ±21 N)>Ceka Site (122 ±17 N). After airborne-particle abrasion, the differences among all the cements remained statistically significant (P<.05). The comparison within the groups before and after airborne-particle abrasion revealed that abrading the titanium bases with 50-μm Al2O3 decreased the bond strength for all the tested cements. CONCLUSIONS: The cement type had a significant influence on the retention of the zirconia copings, and abrading the titanium bases with 50-μm Al2O3 significantly decreased the dislodging force of the coping from the titanium base.
Authors: Frank A Spitznagel; Estevam A Bonfante; Tiago M B Campos; Maximilian A Vollmer; Johannes Boldt; Sam Doerken; Petra C Gierthmuehlen Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2021-12-08 Impact factor: 3.623