Vanessa Clifford1, Marc Tebruegge2, Christel Zufferey3, Susie Germano3, Ben Forbes3, Lucy Cosentino4, Elizabeth Matchett5, Emma McBryde5, Damon Eisen5, Roy Robins-Browne6, Alan Street5, Justin Denholm7, Nigel Curtis8. 1. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. 2. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. 3. Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. 4. Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. 5. Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. 6. Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. 7. Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. 8. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. Electronic address: nigel.curtis@rch.org.au.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Accurate and timely diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is essential to control the global pandemic. Currently available immunodiagnostic tests cannot discriminate between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine whether candidate mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine biomarkers can discriminate between TB-uninfected and TB-infected adults, and additionally between LTBI and active TB disease. METHODS: 193 adults were recruited, and categorised into four unambiguous diagnostic groups: microbiologically-proven active TB, LTBI, sick controls (non-TB lower respiratory tract infections) and healthy controls. Whole blood assays were used to determine mycobacterial antigen (CFP-10, ESAT-6, PPD)-stimulated cytokine (IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10 and MIP-1β) responses, measured by Luminex multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS: The background-corrected mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine responses of all eight cytokines were significantly higher in TB-infected participants compared with TB-uninfected individuals, with IL-2 showing the best performance characteristics. In addition, mycobacterial antigen-stimulated responses with IL-1ra, IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in participants with active TB compared those with LTBI, reaching statistical significance with PPD stimulation, although there was a degree of overlap between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine responses may prove useful in future immunodiagnostic tests to discriminate between tuberculosis-infected and tuberculosis-uninfected individual, and potentially between LTBI and active tuberculosis.
OBJECTIVE: Accurate and timely diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is essential to control the global pandemic. Currently available immunodiagnostic tests cannot discriminate between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine whether candidate mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine biomarkers can discriminate between TB-uninfected and TB-infected adults, and additionally between LTBI and active TB disease. METHODS: 193 adults were recruited, and categorised into four unambiguous diagnostic groups: microbiologically-proven active TB, LTBI, sick controls (non-TB lower respiratory tract infections) and healthy controls. Whole blood assays were used to determine mycobacterial antigen (CFP-10, ESAT-6, PPD)-stimulated cytokine (IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10 and MIP-1β) responses, measured by Luminex multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS: The background-corrected mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine responses of all eight cytokines were significantly higher in TB-infected participants compared with TB-uninfected individuals, with IL-2 showing the best performance characteristics. In addition, mycobacterial antigen-stimulated responses with IL-1ra, IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in participants with active TB compared those with LTBI, reaching statistical significance with PPD stimulation, although there was a degree of overlap between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine responses may prove useful in future immunodiagnostic tests to discriminate between tuberculosis-infected and tuberculosis-uninfected individual, and potentially between LTBI and active tuberculosis.
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Authors: Mariateresa Coppola; Raquel Villar-Hernández; Krista E van Meijgaarden; Irene Latorre; Beatriz Muriel Moreno; Esther Garcia-Garcia; Kees L M C Franken; Cristina Prat; Zoran Stojanovic; Maria Luiza De Souza Galvão; Joan-Pau Millet; Josefina Sabriá; Adrián Sánchez-Montalva; Antoni Noguera-Julian; Annemieke Geluk; Jose Domínguez; Tom H M Ottenhoff Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2020-02-11 Impact factor: 7.561