Karyne L Vinales1, Brittany Begaye2, Marie S Thearle3, Jonathan Krakoff4, Paolo Piaggi5. 1. Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, 2412 N. 16th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; Phoenix VA Health Care System, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 650 E. Indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA. Electronic address: karyne.vinales@nih.gov. 2. Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, 2412 N. 16th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. Electronic address: birttany.begaye@nih.gov. 3. Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, 2412 N. 16th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. Electronic address: mthearle@thearlescience.com. 4. Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, 2412 N. 16th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. Electronic address: jkrakoff@mail.nih.gov. 5. Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, 2412 N. 16th St, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. Electronic address: paolo.piaggi@nih.gov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In homeothermic animals, approximately 50% of daily energy expenditure (EE) is spent to maintain a consistent core body temperature (CBT). In humans, little is known about CBT responses to feeding and overfeeding and their relationship to diet-related changes in EE. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of feeding and overfeeding on CBT and its association with diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). DESIGN: Fifty-three healthy men with normal glucose regulation and a wide range of body composition (mean ± SD, body fat: 25 ± 8%, range: 7-43%) had 24-h EE assessed during fasting in a whole-room indirect calorimeter with concomitant CBT measurement by ingestible capsules and 24-h urinary collection for catecholamine measurements. Changes in 24-h EE (DIT) and CBT compared to fasting were assessed during three normal-protein (20%) diets using a cross-over design: one eucaloric diet (EBL, 50% carbohydrate, n = 37) and two overfeeding diets with 200% energy requirements: a high-fat (FNP, 60% fat, n = 25) and a high-carbohydrate (CNP; 75% carbohydrate, n = 24) diet. RESULTS: The average 24-h CBT (avgCBT) during fasting was 36.81 ± 0.14 °C (inter-individual CV = 0.4%) and positively correlated with 24-h urinary epinephrine (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), but not with body composition measures (p > 0.05). AvgCBT increased during EBL (Δ = 0.06 ± 0.11 °C, p = 0.002), FNP (Δ = 0.13 ± 0.14 °C, p < 0.001), and CNP (Δ = 0.19 ± 0.13 °C, p < 0.001) and associated with increased DIT during EBL (r = 0.43, p = 0.01, β = 31 kcal/day/0.1 °C) and FNP (r = 0.60, p = 0.002, β = 43 kcal/day/0.1 °C), but not CNP (p = 0.47). A ceiling effect for the increase in CBT, but not in DIT, was observed during feeding and, particularly, overfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: CBT increases with feeding and is moderately associated with DIT to a different degree depending on the macronutrient composition of the overfeeding diet. There is a ceiling effect such that individuals with a higher CBT during fasting have limited capacity to increase CBT with feeding. Because of body thermoregulatory mechanisms that maintain a constant CBT, these results indicate that CBT has a limited role in the inter-individual variability in DIT.
BACKGROUND: In homeothermic animals, approximately 50% of daily energy expenditure (EE) is spent to maintain a consistent core body temperature (CBT). In humans, little is known about CBT responses to feeding and overfeeding and their relationship to diet-related changes in EE. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of feeding and overfeeding on CBT and its association with diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). DESIGN: Fifty-three healthy men with normal glucose regulation and a wide range of body composition (mean ± SD, body fat: 25 ± 8%, range: 7-43%) had 24-h EE assessed during fasting in a whole-room indirect calorimeter with concomitant CBT measurement by ingestible capsules and 24-h urinary collection for catecholamine measurements. Changes in 24-h EE (DIT) and CBT compared to fasting were assessed during three normal-protein (20%) diets using a cross-over design: one eucaloric diet (EBL, 50% carbohydrate, n = 37) and two overfeeding diets with 200% energy requirements: a high-fat (FNP, 60% fat, n = 25) and a high-carbohydrate (CNP; 75% carbohydrate, n = 24) diet. RESULTS: The average 24-h CBT (avgCBT) during fasting was 36.81 ± 0.14 °C (inter-individual CV = 0.4%) and positively correlated with 24-h urinary epinephrine (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), but not with body composition measures (p > 0.05). AvgCBT increased during EBL (Δ = 0.06 ± 0.11 °C, p = 0.002), FNP (Δ = 0.13 ± 0.14 °C, p < 0.001), and CNP (Δ = 0.19 ± 0.13 °C, p < 0.001) and associated with increased DIT during EBL (r = 0.43, p = 0.01, β = 31 kcal/day/0.1 °C) and FNP (r = 0.60, p = 0.002, β = 43 kcal/day/0.1 °C), but not CNP (p = 0.47). A ceiling effect for the increase in CBT, but not in DIT, was observed during feeding and, particularly, overfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: CBT increases with feeding and is moderately associated with DIT to a different degree depending on the macronutrient composition of the overfeeding diet. There is a ceiling effect such that individuals with a higher CBT during fasting have limited capacity to increase CBT with feeding. Because of body thermoregulatory mechanisms that maintain a constant CBT, these results indicate that CBT has a limited role in the inter-individual variability in DIT.
Authors: Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt; Patrick Schrauwen; Stephanie van De Kerckhove; Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 4.310
Authors: Mindy E Hoffmann; Sarah M Rodriguez; Dinah M Zeiss; Kelley N Wachsberg; Robert F Kushner; Lewis Landsberg; Robert A Linsenmeier Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2012-01-12 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Karyne Lima Vinales; Mathias Schlögl; Paolo Piaggi; Maximilian Hohenadel; Alexis Graham; Susan Bonfiglio; Jonathan Krakoff; Marie S Thearle Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2017-01-01 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: D A D'Alessio; E C Kavle; M A Mozzoli; K J Smalley; M Polansky; Z V Kendrick; L R Owen; M C Bushman; G Boden; O E Owen Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 1988-06 Impact factor: 14.808