Andrew Stickley1,2, Roman Koposov3, Ai Koyanagi4,5, Yosuke Inoue6, Vladislav Ruchkin7,8. 1. Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 1878553, Japan. amstick66@gmail.com. 2. Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden. amstick66@gmail.com. 3. Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway. 4. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain. 5. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain. 6. Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA. 7. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 8. Child Study Centre, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Comorbid depression is common in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As yet, however, little is known about the factors associated with co-occurring depression in this population. To address this research gap, the current study examined the role of community violence exposure in the association between ADHD symptoms and depression. METHODS: Data came from 505 Russian adolescents [mean age 14.37 (SD = 0.96)] who had teacher-reported information on ADHD symptoms that was collected in conjunction with the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA). Adolescent self-reports of witnessing and being a victim of community violence were also obtained while depressive symptoms were self-assessed with an adapted version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations. RESULTS: In univariable analyses, both witnessing and being a victim of violence were associated with significantly increased odds for depressive symptoms in adolescents with ADHD symptoms compared to non-ADHD adolescents who had not experienced community violence. However, in the multivariable analysis only being a victim of violence continued to be associated with significantly increased odds for depression [odds ratio (OR) 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-16.35]. CONCLUSION: Exposure to community violence may be associated with depression in adolescents with ADHD symptoms. Clinicians should enquire about exposure to community violence in adolescents with ADHD/ADHD symptoms. Early therapeutic interventions to address the effects of violence exposure in adolescents with ADHD may be beneficial for preventing depression in this group.
PURPOSE: Comorbid depression is common in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As yet, however, little is known about the factors associated with co-occurring depression in this population. To address this research gap, the current study examined the role of community violence exposure in the association between ADHD symptoms and depression. METHODS: Data came from 505 Russian adolescents [mean age 14.37 (SD = 0.96)] who had teacher-reported information on ADHD symptoms that was collected in conjunction with the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA). Adolescent self-reports of witnessing and being a victim of community violence were also obtained while depressive symptoms were self-assessed with an adapted version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations. RESULTS: In univariable analyses, both witnessing and being a victim of violence were associated with significantly increased odds for depressive symptoms in adolescents with ADHD symptoms compared to non-ADHD adolescents who had not experienced community violence. However, in the multivariable analysis only being a victim of violence continued to be associated with significantly increased odds for depression [odds ratio (OR) 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-16.35]. CONCLUSION: Exposure to community violence may be associated with depression in adolescents with ADHD symptoms. Clinicians should enquire about exposure to community violence in adolescents with ADHD/ADHD symptoms. Early therapeutic interventions to address the effects of violence exposure in adolescents with ADHD may be beneficial for preventing depression in this group.
Authors: M Schwab-Stone; C Chen; E Greenberger; D Silver; J Lichtman; C Voyce Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 1999-04 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: L Scahill; M Schwab-Stone; K R Merikangas; J F Leckman; H Zhang; S Kasl Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 1999-08 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Betsy Busch; Joseph Biederman; Louise Glassner Cohen; Julie M Sayer; Michael C Monuteaux; Eric Mick; Barry Zallen; Stephen V Faraone Journal: Psychiatr Serv Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 3.084