James Samwel Ngocho1, Marien Isaäk de Jonge2, Linda Minja3, Gaudencia Alois Olomi4, Michael Johnson Mahande1, Sia Emmanueli Msuya1,5, Blandina Theophile Mmbaga3. 1. Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania. 2. Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 3. Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania. 4. Kilimanjaro Regional Health Management Team, Moshi, Tanzania. 5. Community Health Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Despite the availability of vaccines and antibiotics, pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. The objective of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under 5 years of age in a vaccinated population. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted between January and December 2017. The cases included children aged 2-59 months with X-ray-confirmed pneumonia, whereas the controls were children from the community with no history of respiratory infection. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the modifiable risk factors for CAP. RESULTS: A total of 113 children with X-ray-confirmed pneumonia and 350 healthy children were enrolled in this study. The median ages for the cases and controls were 13.7 (IQR = 7.2-25.3) and 13.4 (IQR = 6.0-24.8) months respectively. One (0.9%) child died after the enrolment. The independent predictors of CAP included a lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.9), underweight (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0-4.5), unclean cooking fuel (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.3) and low income (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.6-5.4). No association was found between vaccination status and CAP. CONCLUSION: In addition to a lack of exclusive breastfeeding, children from families of low-economic status were at risk of contracting CAP. Since the risk factors are complex, the study results call for more concerted efforts by and collaboration among the health, agriculture and development sectors to address mortality caused by CAP.
OBJECTIVE: Despite the availability of vaccines and antibiotics, pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. The objective of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under 5 years of age in a vaccinated population. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted between January and December 2017. The cases included children aged 2-59 months with X-ray-confirmed pneumonia, whereas the controls were children from the community with no history of respiratory infection. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the modifiable risk factors for CAP. RESULTS: A total of 113 children with X-ray-confirmed pneumonia and 350 healthy children were enrolled in this study. The median ages for the cases and controls were 13.7 (IQR = 7.2-25.3) and 13.4 (IQR = 6.0-24.8) months respectively. One (0.9%) child died after the enrolment. The independent predictors of CAP included a lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.9), underweight (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0-4.5), unclean cooking fuel (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.3) and low income (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.6-5.4). No association was found between vaccination status and CAP. CONCLUSION: In addition to a lack of exclusive breastfeeding, children from families of low-economic status were at risk of contracting CAP. Since the risk factors are complex, the study results call for more concerted efforts by and collaboration among the health, agriculture and development sectors to address mortality caused by CAP.
Keywords:
Tanzania; Tanzanie; children under 5 years of age; community-acquired pneumonia; enfants de moins de cinq ans; facteurs de risque; pneumonie acquise en communauté; risk factors
Authors: James S Ngocho; Linda Minja; Christa E van der Gaast-de Jongh; Janette C Rahamat-Langendoen; Jeroen D Langereis; Blandina T Mmbaga; Marien I de Jonge Journal: J Infect Date: 2020-06-10 Impact factor: 6.072
Authors: Sabiha Nasrin; Md Tariqujjaman; Marufa Sultana; Rifat A Zaman; Shahjahan Ali; Mohammod J Chisti; Abu S G Faruque; Tahmeed Ahmed; George J Fuchs; Niklaus Gyr; Nur H Alam Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-03-23 Impact factor: 3.240