Francisco Romo-Nava1, Rosa I Bobadilla-Espinosa2, Silvia A Tafoya3, Diana P Guízar-Sánchez4, Joaquín R Gutiérrez3, Pilar Carriedo5, Gerhard Heinze6. 1. Lindner Center of HOPE Research Institute, Mason, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México. 2. Departamento de Salud Pública de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México. 3. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México. 4. Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México. 5. Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría ``Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México, México. 6. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México; Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México. Electronic address: gerhard@heinzemg.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent among medical students (MS). Abuse experiences, as well as stress, are among the factors associated with MDD. However, their association with MDD in MS has been scarcely addressed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the association between MDD and possible risk factors, focusing on current and past abuse experiences inside and outside the academic setting in a large representative MS sample (n = 1,068) using self-report instruments to assess MDD (PHQ-9) and perceived academic stress levels during exam season. RESULTS: Depressive symptom severity directly correlates with levels of perceived academic stress. The prevalence of MDD was 16.2%. A history of emotional abuse during childhood or adolescence, as well as most types of current abuse were associated with MDD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current emotional abuse outside school had the strongest association with MDD in MS, followed by a personal history of depression and suicide attempt, a family history of depression, and perceived academic stress levels. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design, participants represent a specific population, and other variables that could be associated with MDD: comorbid psychiatric disorders, current antidepressant treatment and protective factors (resilience and health-promoting coping strategies) were not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: MDD is strongly associated with several risk factors that include most types of current and past abuse experiences. Timely identification of individuals at-risk will be critical to establish preventive strategies to limit the impact of MDD in MS and offer prompt therapeutic alternatives when needed.
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent among medical students (MS). Abuse experiences, as well as stress, are among the factors associated with MDD. However, their association with MDD in MS has been scarcely addressed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the association between MDD and possible risk factors, focusing on current and past abuse experiences inside and outside the academic setting in a large representative MS sample (n = 1,068) using self-report instruments to assess MDD (PHQ-9) and perceived academic stress levels during exam season. RESULTS: Depressive symptom severity directly correlates with levels of perceived academic stress. The prevalence of MDD was 16.2%. A history of emotional abuse during childhood or adolescence, as well as most types of current abuse were associated with MDD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current emotional abuse outside school had the strongest association with MDD in MS, followed by a personal history of depression and suicide attempt, a family history of depression, and perceived academic stress levels. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design, participants represent a specific population, and other variables that could be associated with MDD: comorbid psychiatric disorders, current antidepressant treatment and protective factors (resilience and health-promoting coping strategies) were not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS:MDD is strongly associated with several risk factors that include most types of current and past abuse experiences. Timely identification of individuals at-risk will be critical to establish preventive strategies to limit the impact of MDD in MS and offer prompt therapeutic alternatives when needed.
Authors: Sumeet Dhanoa; Folajinmi Oluwasina; Reham Shalaby; Esther Kim; Belinda Agyapong; Marianne Hrabok; Ejemai Eboreime; Maryana Kravtsenyuk; Alicia Yang; Izu Nwachukwu; Chantal Moreau; Adam Abba-Aji; Daniel Li; Vincent I O Agyapong Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-13 Impact factor: 4.614
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Authors: Cecilia Luz Balderas-Vazquez; Blandina Bernal-Morales; Eliud Alfredo Garcia-Montalvo; Libia Vega; Emma Virginia Herrera-Huerta; Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa; José Felipe Velázquez-Hernández; María Del Carmen Xotlanihua-Gervacio; Olga Lidia Valenzuela Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2022-01-05